{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T16:52:17Z","timestamp":1792601537394,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"American Medical Association (AMA)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAMA Dermatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"ab-doi230002-4\">\n                    <jats:title>Importance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prevalences of alopecia areata (AA), alopecia totalis (AT), and alopecia universalis (AU) are poorly established.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"ab-doi230002-5\">\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To estimate overall and subgroup prevalences of AA and its subtypes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"ab-doi230002-6\">\n                    <jats:title>Design, Setting, and Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This cross-sectional study using electronic records comprising the Explorys database (Watson Health, IBM Corporation) included children, adolescents, and adults seeking healthcare across the 4 census regions in the US between January 1, 2019, and December 31, 2019. The statistical analysis was conducted between July 21, 2022, and December 22, 2022.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"ab-doi230002-7\">\n                    <jats:title>Main Outcomes and Measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prevalent cases of AA, AT, and AU.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"ab-doi230002-8\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of the 1\u202f093\u202f176 patients who met inclusion criteria, 1812 had at least 1 code for AA, 1216 female (67%) and 596 male (33%) patients. Overall age-and-sex standardized prevalences among adults and among children and adolescents were observed to be 0.18% and 0.10%, respectively. The age-standardized prevalence ratio in women to men was 1.32. Standardized prevalence was highest in those aged 30 to 39 (297 per 100\u202f000; 95% CI, 263-335) and 40 to 49 (270 per 100\u202f000; 95% CI, 240-303) years. The highest standardized prevalence was observed among Asian patients (414 per 100\u202f000; 95% CI, 306-548), followed by patients reporting another race or multiple races (314 per 100\u202f000; 95% CI, 266-368), Black (226 per 100\u202f000; 95% CI, 199-255), and Hispanic\/Latino (212 per 100\u202f000; 95% CI, 129-328) patients. White patients had the lowest standardized prevalence (168 per 100\u202f000; 95% CI, 157-179) among racial and ethnic subgroups. Relative to White patients, standardized prevalence ratios for Asian, Black, and Hispanic\/Latino patients were 2.47 (95% CI, 2.17-2.81), 1.35 (95% CI, 1.26-1.44), and 1.26 (95% CI, 1.03-1.55), respectively. Cases of AT and AU comprised approximately 9% of patients diagnosed with AA.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"ab-doi230002-9\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and Relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The findings of this cross-sectional study suggest that there is a significant burden of AA, AT, and AU in the US in which people of color, particularly Asian Americans, appear to be disproportionately affected.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2023.0016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]],"date-time":"2023-03-01T11:01:20Z","timestamp":1677668480000},"page":"419","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Overall and Racial and Ethnic Subgroup Prevalences of Alopecia Areata, Alopecia Totalis, and Alopecia Universalis"],"prefix":"10.1001","volume":"159","author":[{"given":"Nene","family":"Sy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Northwell Health, New Hyde Park, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Mastacouris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Northwell Health, New Hyde Park, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Strunk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Northwell Health, New Hyde Park, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amit","family":"Garg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Northwell Health, New Hyde Park, New York"},{"name":"Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra\/Northwell, Lake Success, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"10","reference":[{"key":"doi230002r1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17011","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2017.11","article-title":"Alopecia areata.","volume":"3","author":"Pratt","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"issue":"16","key":"doi230002r2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1515","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1103442","article-title":"Alopecia areata.","volume":"366","author":"Gilhar","year":"2012","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"doi230002r3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.06.047","article-title":"Psychosocial and psychiatric comorbidities and health-related quality of life in alopecia areata: A systematic review.","volume":"85","author":"Toussi","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"doi230002r4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.14497","article-title":"Alopecia areata and health-related quality of life: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"175","author":"Rencz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"doi230002r5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1389","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.12.051","article-title":"Severity of disease and quality of life in parents of children with alopecia areata, totalis, and universalis: A prospective, cross-sectional study.","volume":"80","author":"Putterman","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"doi230002r6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.4103\/ijt.ijt_99_20","article-title":"Cumulative life course impairment of alopecia areata.","volume":"12","author":"Burns","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J 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Epidemiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"doi230002r11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.4103\/ijt.ijt_67_20","article-title":"validation of case identification for alopecia areata using International Classification of Diseases coding.","volume":"12","author":"Lavian","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Trichology"},{"issue":"7","key":"doi230002r13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0258(19970415)16:7<791::AID-SIM500>3.0.CO;2-#","article-title":"Confidence intervals for directly standardized rates: a method based on the gamma distribution.","volume":"16","author":"Fay","year":"1997","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"doi230002r14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1992.01680150136027","article-title":"Prevalence of alopecia areata in the First National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.","volume":"128","author":"Safavi","year":"1992","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"doi230002r15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.2147\/CCID.S245649","article-title":"A large cross-sectional survey study of the prevalence of alopecia areata in the United States.","volume":"13","author":"Benigno","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"doi230002r16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2022.0351","article-title":"Evaluation of the prevalence and incidence of pediatric alopecia areata using electronic health record data.","volume":"158","author":"McKenzie","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"doi230002r17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jisp.2017.10.007","article-title":"Race and Alopecia areata amongst US women.","volume":"19","author":"Thompson","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Investig Dermatol Symp 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The IBM Explorys Platform: Liberate your healthcare data. Accessed October 10, 2022. https:\/\/www.ibm.com\/downloads\/cas\/4P0QB9JN"},{"key":"doi230002r12","unstructured":"United States Census Bureau. 2019 American Community Survey 1-year estimates detailed tables: Sex by age (B01001). Accessed October 10, 2022. https:\/\/data.census.gov\/cedsci\/table?q=american%20community%20survey%20b01001&tid=ACSDT1Y2019.B01001."}],"container-title":["JAMA Dermatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jamadermatology\/articlepdf\/2801704\/jamadermatology_sy_2023_oi_230002_1681833175.95467.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,19]],"date-time":"2023-04-19T11:13:57Z","timestamp":1681902837000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jamadermatology\/fullarticle\/2801704"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamadermatol.2023.0016","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-6068"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-6068","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]]}}}