{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T16:11:16Z","timestamp":1791389476340,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"American Medical Association (AMA)","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAMA Dermatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,1]]},"abstract":"Importance<\/jats:title>Alopecia areata (AA) is associated with diverse autoimmune and psychiatric disorders. However, an investigation on the long-term outcomes for offspring born to mothers diagnosed with AA is lacking.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Objective<\/jats:title>To investigate the risks for autoimmune, inflammatory, atopic, thyroid, and psychiatric outcomes of offspring born to mothers with AA.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Design, Setting, and Participants<\/jats:title>This retrospective population-based birth cohort study used the linked birth registration database with the Nationwide Health Insurance Service database of Korea. The participants included all newborns born to mothers with 3 or more visits with International Classification of Diseases<\/jats:italic>, Tenth Revision<\/jats:italic> code of L63 and 1:10 birth year, sex, insurance, income, and location of residence\u2013matched control offspring born to mothers without AA during the years from 2003 to 2015. The analysis was conducted from July 2022 to January 2023.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Exposure<\/jats:title>Maternal AA.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Main Outcomes and Measures<\/jats:title>The occurrence of the following diseases was measured in newborns from birth to December 31, 2020: AA, alopecia totalis\/universalis (AT\/AU), vitiligo, psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis, atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, asthma, hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, Graves disease, Hashimoto thyroiditis, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, mood disorder, and anxiety disorder. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard analyses were performed with the following covariates: birth year, age, insurance type, income level, location of residence, maternal age, mode of delivery, maternal history of atopic disorders, and autoimmune disorders.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>In total, 67\u202f364 offspring born to 46\u202f352 mothers with AA and 673\u202f640 controls born to 454\u202f085 unaffected mothers were analyzed. The risk of AA (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 2.08; 95% CI, 1.88-2.30), AT\/AU (aHR, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.18-2.08), vitiligo (aHR, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.32-1.63), atopic disorders (aHR, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.06-1.09), hypothyroidism (aHR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.03-1.25), and psychiatric disorders (aHR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.11-1.20) was significantly increased in offspring born to mothers with AA. Among them, 5088 born to mothers with AT\/AU were at much greater risk for the development of AT\/AU (aHR, 2.98; 95% CI, 1.48-6.00) and psychiatric disorders (aHR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.12-1.44).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusions and Relevance<\/jats:title>In this Korean retrospective population-based birth cohort study, maternal AA was associated with the development of autoimmune\/inflammatory, atopic, thyroid, and psychiatric disorders in their offspring. Clinicians and parents need to be aware of the potential for these comorbidities to occur.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2023.1261","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,24]],"date-time":"2023-05-24T15:33:30Z","timestamp":1684942410000},"page":"711","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Autoimmune, Inflammatory, Atopic, Thyroid, and Psychiatric Outcomes of Offspring Born to Mothers With Alopecia Areata"],"prefix":"10.1001","volume":"159","author":[{"given":"Ju Yeong","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyun Jeong","family":"Ju","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, St Vincent\u2019s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, 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