{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]],"date-time":"2026-08-22T15:43:25Z","timestamp":1787413405160,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"American Medical Association (AMA)","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAMA Dermatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"ab-doi230030-4\"><jats:title>Importance<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients are frequently copositive for multiple allergens simultaneously, either due to chemical similarity or simultaneous sensitization. A better understanding of copositivity groups would help guide contact avoidance.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"ab-doi230030-5\"><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To use patient data to systematically determine copositivity groups in the Mayo Clinic Standard Series.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"ab-doi230030-6\"><jats:title>Design, Setting, and Participants<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this retrospective cross-sectional analysis, the Mayo Clinic patch test database was queried for pairwise copositivity rates in the 80 allergen Mayo Clinic Standard Series between 2012 and 2021. Data were collected from 3 tertiary care sites of the Mayo Clinic Contact Dermatitis Group and a total of 5943 patients were included, comprising all patients undergoing patch testing to the Mayo Clinic Standard Series allergens.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"ab-doi230030-7\"><jats:title>Main Outcomes and Measures<\/jats:title><jats:p>Copositivity rates between every 2 allergens in the 80-allergen Mayo Clinic Standard Series were estimated. After background correction, copositivity rates were analyzed using unsupervised hierarchical clustering to systematically identify copositivity groups in an unbiased manner.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"ab-doi230030-8\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Overall, 394\u202f921 total patches were applied to 5943 patients (4164 [70.1%] women, 1776 [29.9%] men, with a mean [SD] age of 52.3 [18.8] years ), comprising 9545 positive reactions. After background correction based on overall positivity rates, hierarchical clustering revealed distinct copositivity groups. Many were supported by prior literature, including formaldehyde releasers, cobalt-nickel-potassium dichromate, acrylates, 3-dimethylaminopropylamine-amidoamine-oleamidopropyl dimethylamine, alkyl glucosides, budesonide-hydrocortisone-17-butyrate, certain fragrances, compositae-sesquiterpene lactone mix, mercapto mix-mercaptobenzothiazole, carba mix-thiuram mix, and disperse orange-p-phenylenediamine. However, novel associations were also found, including glutaraldehyde-sorbitan sesquioleate, benzalkonium chloride-neomycin-bacitracin, bronopol-methylchloroisothiazolinone-methylisothiazolinone, and benzoic acid-iodopropynyl butylcarbamate.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"ab-doi230030-9\"><jats:title>Conclusions and Relevance<\/jats:title><jats:p>This retrospective cross-sectional analysis found that copositivity rates varied between allergens; allergens with extremely high positivity rates demonstrated nonspecific copositivity to multiple other allergens. Background correction based on positivity rates followed by hierarchical clustering confirmed prior known copositivity groups, contaminants and\/or excipients leading to copositivity, and novel associations to guide contact avoidance.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2023.2352","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,2]],"date-time":"2023-08-02T15:01:59Z","timestamp":1690988519000},"page":"945","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Systematic Identification of Copositivity Groups in Standard Series Patch Testing Through Hierarchical Clustering"],"prefix":"10.1001","volume":"159","author":[{"given":"Yul W.","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James A.","family":"Yiannias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Molly M.","family":"Voss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew R.","family":"Hall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Molly J.","family":"Youssef","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark D. 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