{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T20:21:15Z","timestamp":1769113275768,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"American Medical Association (AMA)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAMA Dermatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"ab-drv250005-4\">\n                    <jats:title>Importance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Compounded with barriers to care, stigmatization, lack of trust, and high rates of psychiatric comorbidities, transmasculine patients face a high psychosocial burden from acne. Acne is a common sequela of masculinizing hormone therapy, and understanding its epidemiology may improve care for transmasculine patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"ab-drv250005-5\">\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To summarize current literature regarding prevalence and factors associated with acne in transmasculine patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"ab-drv250005-6\">\n                    <jats:title>Evidence Review<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A search was performed using Ovid MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL, ProQuest Dissertations &amp;amp;amp; Theses, Scientific Electronic Library Online, Cochrane Library, and Global Index Medicus. Studies were included if they reported acne prevalence, severity, or treatment among 1 or more transmasculine patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"ab-drv250005-7\">\n                    <jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of 429 references identified by search terms, 38 met inclusion criteria. There were 12\u202f010 patients across all studies, with 32 of the 38 articles focusing on transmasculine adults rather than adolescents. Methods of acne quantification varied among included studies. Studies using systematic grading scales reported an acne rate of 61.9% (223 of 360 patients) compared to 29.6% (1233 of 4163 patients) among retrospective reviews and 31.3% (892 of 2847 patients) among studies using self-reported data. Most studies showed the largest increase in acne prevalence at 6 to 12 months after masculinizing hormone therapy initiation. There was an association between younger age and increased acne but no meaningful associations between testosterone dosage nor route of administration.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"ab-drv250005-8\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and Relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this scoping review, acne prevalence among transmasculine patients ranged from 29.6% to 61.9%, depending on methodology. Acne commonly developed within 6 to 24 months after testosterone initiation but occurred as early as the first month. Younger age at hormone initiation was associated with acne development, whereas dose and route of administration were not, suggesting that other factors in addition to exogenous testosterone play a role in the pathogenesis of acne for transmasculine patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2025.4944","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]],"date-time":"2025-12-10T16:00:32Z","timestamp":1765382432000},"page":"66","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Acne in Transmasculine Patients"],"prefix":"10.1001","volume":"162","author":[{"given":"Drake","family":"Seibert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lauren N.","family":"Cohen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Boswell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Becky","family":"Alford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical College of Wisconsin Libraries, Milwaukee"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Howa","family":"Yeung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia"},{"name":"Associate Editor, JAMA Dermatology"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Olushola L.","family":"Akinshemoyin Vaughn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"10","reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"drv250005r2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-018-0973-0","article-title":"Gender-affirming hormone use in transgender individuals: impact on behavioral health and cognition.","volume":"20","author":"Nguyen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Psychiatry Rep"},{"issue":"6","key":"drv250005r3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.21037\/tau.2016.07.10","article-title":"Pharmacology of testosterone replacement therapy preparations.","volume":"5","author":"Shoskes","year":"2016","journal-title":"Transl Androl Urol"},{"issue":"6","key":"drv250005r4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.2146\/ajhp170160","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics, safety, and patient acceptability of subcutaneous versus intramuscular testosterone injection for gender-affirming therapy: a pilot study.","volume":"75","author":"Wilson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Health Syst Pharm"},{"issue":"3","key":"drv250005r5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2020.5353","article-title":"Moderate-to-severe acne and mental health symptoms in transmasculine persons who have received testosterone.","volume":"157","author":"Braun","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"drv250005r6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1016","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2023.12.038","article-title":"Epidemiology of acne and rosacea: a worldwide global study.","volume":"90","author":"Saurat","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"drv250005r7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1007\/s40257-023-00770-y","article-title":"Climate change, skin health, and dermatologic disease: a guide for the dermatologist.","volume":"24","author":"Belzer","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Clin Dermatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"drv250005r8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1439","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10061439","article-title":"Endocrine disrupting chemicals, hormone receptors, and acne vulgaris: a connecting hypothesis.","volume":"10","author":"Rao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"8","key":"drv250005r9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.15862","article-title":"Acne and diet: a review.","volume":"61","author":"Conforti","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"issue":"20","key":"drv250005r10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2055","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.17633","article-title":"Management of acne vulgaris: a review.","volume":"326","author":"Eichenfield","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"1","key":"drv250005r12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1186\/1748-5908-5-69","article-title":"Scoping studies: advancing the methodology.","volume":"5","author":"Levac","year":"2010","journal-title":"Implement Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"drv250005r13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1097\/XEB.0000000000000050","article-title":"Guidance for conducting systematic scoping reviews.","volume":"13","author":"Peters","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Evid Based Healthc"},{"issue":"4","key":"drv250005r14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.16947","article-title":"Skin manifestations in adults with gender dysphoria on hormone treatment in the outpatient clinic of Hospital de San Jos\u00e9, Bogot\u00e1-Colombia.","volume":"63","author":"Casta\u00f1eda","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"drv250005r15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-022-01944-x","article-title":"Effects of hormonal treatment on dermatological outcome in transgender people: a multicentric prospective study (ENIGI).","volume":"46","author":"Cocchetti","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"},{"issue":"2","key":"drv250005r16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-19-0463","article-title":"Safety and rapid efficacy of guideline-based gender-affirming hormone therapy: an analysis of 388 individuals diagnosed with gender dysphoria.","volume":"182","author":"Meyer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"2","key":"drv250005r17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2019.01.030","article-title":"Effect of testosterone on chests and abdomens of transgender men.","volume":"81","author":"Motosko","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"drv250005r18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"AB226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.05.903","article-title":"Predictors of acne among female-to-male transgender patients on testosterone therapy.","volume":"79","author":"Park","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"drv250005r19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.12.040","article-title":"Risk factors for acne development in the first 2 years after initiating masculinizing testosterone therapy among transgender men.","volume":"81","author":"Park","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"drv250005r20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1089\/trgh.2021.0105","article-title":"Characterizing dermatological conditions in the transgender population: a cross-sectional study.","volume":"8","author":"Rutnin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Transgend Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"drv250005r21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2020.5347","article-title":"Incidence and factors associated with acne among transgender patients receiving masculinizing hormone therapy.","volume":"157","author":"Thoreson","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"drv250005r22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1111\/jsm.12366","article-title":"Short- and long-term clinical skin effects of testosterone treatment in trans men.","volume":"11","author":"Wierckx","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Sex Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"drv250005r23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1450","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.02.053","article-title":"Prevalence of moderate to severe acne in transgender adults: a cross-sectional survey.","volume":"83","author":"Yeung","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"drv250005r24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2023.02.002","article-title":"Incidence and factors associated with acne in transgender adolescents on testosterone: a retrospective cohort study.","volume":"29","author":"Chu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Endocr Pract"},{"issue":"9","key":"drv250005r25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1459","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsxm.2019.06.014","article-title":"Physical changes, laboratory parameters, and bone mineral density during testosterone treatment in adolescents with gender dysphoria.","volume":"16","author":"Stoffers","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Sex Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"drv250005r26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1016\/0026-0495(89)90233-3","article-title":"Mortality and morbidity in transsexual patients with cross-gender hormone treatment.","volume":"38","author":"Asscheman","year":"1989","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"issue":"7","key":"drv250005r27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2024.1420","article-title":"Isotretinoin for acne in transgender and gender-diverse individuals receiving masculinizing hormone therapy.","volume":"160","author":"Choe","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"drv250005r28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1080\/26895269.2023.2271903","article-title":"Monitoring and reporting of adverse effects of testosterone prescribing for gender affirmation at general practice clinics\u2014data from the PUSH! Audit.","volume":"25","author":"Eu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Transgend Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"drv250005r29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2022.03.013","article-title":"Acne risk in transgender and gender diverse populations: a retrospective, comparative cohort study.","volume":"87","author":"Gao","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"drv250005r30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2021.02.341","article-title":"319 Acne, androgenetic alopecia, and atopic dermatitis in transgender patients on hormone therapy: a retrospective comparative cohort study.","volume":"141","author":"Gao","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"drv250005r31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.esxm.2020.100306","article-title":"Physical and psychological effects of gender-affirming hormonal treatment using intramuscular testosterone enanthate in Japanese transgender men.","volume":"9","author":"Kirisawa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sex Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"drv250005r32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1080\/13691058.2016.1191675","article-title":"Health impact of chest binding among transgender adults: a community-engaged, cross-sectional study.","volume":"19","author":"Peitzmeier","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cult Health Sex"},{"issue":"3","key":"drv250005r33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2020-0728","article-title":"Time to first onset of chest binding-related symptoms in transgender youth.","volume":"147","author":"Peitzmeier","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"7","key":"drv250005r34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2349","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2017-00359","article-title":"Subcutaneous injection of testosterone is an effective and preferred alternative to intramuscular injection: demonstration in female-to-male transgender patients.","volume":"102","author":"Spratt","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"3","key":"drv250005r35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1570","DOI":"10.1177\/11206721211020639","article-title":"Does exogenous androgen use affect the retinal blood flow: an OCTA study in transgender men.","volume":"32","author":"T\u00fcten","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"8","key":"drv250005r36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsxm.2019.05.009","article-title":"Explorative prospective evaluation of short-term subjective effects of hormonal treatment in trans people\u2014results from the European Network for the Investigation of Gender Incongruence.","volume":"16","author":"van Dijk","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Sex Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"drv250005r37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1999","DOI":"10.1111\/jsm.12571","article-title":"Cross-sex hormone therapy in trans persons is safe and effective at short-time follow-up: results from the European Network for the Investigation of Gender Incongruence.","volume":"11","author":"Wierckx","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Sex Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"drv250005r38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1111\/pde.15628","article-title":"Dermatologic needs of transgender and gender diverse youth: a retrospective cohort study.","volume":"41","author":"Butler","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pediatr Dermatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"drv250005r39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1089\/trgh.2018.0061","article-title":"Effect of concurrent gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist treatment on dose and side effects of gender-affirming hormone therapy in adolescent transgender patients.","volume":"4","author":"Jensen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Transgend Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"drv250005r40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1089\/trgh.2020.0103","article-title":"Subcutaneous testosterone is effective and safe as gender-affirming hormone therapy in transmasculine and gender-diverse adolescents and young adults: a single center\u2019s 8-year experience.","volume":"6","author":"Laurenzano","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transgend Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"drv250005r41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsxm.2020.12.015","article-title":"A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled pilot trial on the effects of testosterone undecanoate plus dutasteride or placebo on muscle strength, body composition, and metabolic profile in transmen.","volume":"18","author":"Gava","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Sex Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"drv250005r42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2913","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.85.8.6710","article-title":"Effects of sex steroid deprivation\/administration on hair growth and skin sebum production in transsexual males and females.","volume":"85","author":"Giltay","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"6","key":"drv250005r43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.4103\/ijem.ijem_265_23","article-title":"Study of effects of gender-affirming hormone therapy on bone mineral density in individuals with gender dysphoria.","volume":"27","author":"Bobba","year":"2023","journal-title":"Indian J Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"2","key":"drv250005r44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2023.5355","article-title":"Lived experience of acne and acne treatment in transgender patients.","volume":"160","author":"Gold","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol"},{"issue":"10","key":"drv250005r45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2442","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2008.00909.x","article-title":"Effects of testosterone undecanoate administered alone or in combination with letrozole or dutasteride in female to male transsexuals.","volume":"5","author":"Meriggiola","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Sex Med"},{"key":"drv250005r46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/20503121211051546","article-title":"Effects of testosterone treatment on transgender males: a single-institution study.","volume":"9","author":"Korpaisarn","year":"2021","journal-title":"SAGE Open Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"drv250005r47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3470","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2007-0746","article-title":"Long-term administration of testosterone undecanoate every 3 months for testosterone supplementation in female-to-male transsexuals.","volume":"92","author":"Mueller","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"5","key":"drv250005r48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1018704630036","article-title":"A follow-up study for estimating the effectiveness of a cross-gender hormone substitution therapy on transsexual patients.","volume":"27","author":"Schlatterer","year":"1998","journal-title":"Arch Sex Behav"},{"issue":"4","key":"drv250005r49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2013.10.068","article-title":"Clinical management of youth with gender dysphoria in Vancouver.","volume":"164","author":"Khatchadourian","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"3","key":"drv250005r50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.3390\/cosmetics11030074","article-title":"Adult female acne: recent advances in pathophysiology and therapeutic approaches.","volume":"11","author":"Amuzescu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cosmetics"},{"issue":"5","key":"drv250005r51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(01)01701-0","article-title":"Hyperandrogenemia in patients presenting with acne.","volume":"75","author":"Slayden","year":"2001","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"issue":"10","key":"drv250005r52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1983.01650340009010","article-title":"Elevated free testosterone levels in women with acne.","volume":"119","author":"Schiavone","year":"1983","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"drv250005r1","unstructured":"Herman? JL, Flores? AR. How many adults and youth identify as transgender in the United States? Williams Institute. Accessed April 1, 2025. https:\/\/williamsinstitute.law.ucla.edu\/publications\/trans-adults-united-states\/"},{"key":"drv250005r11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Seibert? D, Cohen? LN. The natural history and factors associated with acne vulgaris in transmasculine patients: a scoping review protocol. Open Science Framework. June 28, 2024. Accessed November 5, 2025. https:\/\/osf.io\/9xezv\/overview","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2025.4944"}],"container-title":["JAMA Dermatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jamadermatology\/articlepdf\/2842386\/jamadermatology_seibert_2025_rv_250005_1768581543.40451.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T16:00:53Z","timestamp":1769011253000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jamadermatology\/fullarticle\/2842386"}},"subtitle":["A Scoping Review"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamadermatol.2025.4944","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-6068"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-6068","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]]}}}