{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T16:03:04Z","timestamp":1789574584676,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"American Medical Association (AMA)","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAMA Dermatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"abstract":"\n Importance<\/jats:title>\n Biologic therapies are increasingly used for moderate to severe hidradenitis suppurativa (HS), yet their high cost presents challenges for health systems and payers. Comparative economic evaluations of these therapies are limited.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n To evaluate the efficiency frontier of approved monoclonal antibody therapies for HS across multiple countries.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Design and Setting<\/jats:title>\n This economic evaluation used publicly available clinical trial data and drug pricing data. Phase 3 trial efficacy data for adalimumab, secukinumab, and bimekizumab from 6 trials were combined with drug price data from the US, Canada, France, Germany, and Australia as of January 31, 2026. Data analysis was conducted between March 15 and May 22, 2026.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Main Outcomes and Measures<\/jats:title>\n Efficiency frontier analysis using Hidradenitis Suppurativa Clinical Response (HiSCR) 50 (indicating 50% reduction from baseline) and HiSCR-75 (indicating 75% reduction from baseline) metrics. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios were calculated where multiple agents lay on the frontier.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n Across all examined countries, adalimumab, 40 mg, weekly, consistently was on the efficiency frontier for both HiSCR-50 and HiSCR-75 outcomes. Secukinumab, 300 mg, every 4 weeks, appeared on the frontier only when US wholesale acquisition costs were used. Annual therapy costs ranged from $11\u202f345 for adalimumab, 40 mg, weekly in Australia to $411\u202f990 for bimekizumab, 320 mg, every 2 weeks in the US. Analyses using cost-efficiency estimates adjusted for baseline disease severity showed an efficiency frontier composition similar to unadjusted analyses.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions and Relevance<\/jats:title>\n In this study, among currently approved monoclonal antibody therapies for HS, adalimumab showed dominant cost-efficiency performance across multiple health systems. These findings highlight substantial international variation in biologic drug pricing and provide a framework for value-based pricing in HS therapeutics.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2026.2633","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T15:01:10Z","timestamp":1785942070000},"page":"931","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Approved Monoclonal Antibody Therapies for Hidradenitis Suppurativa"],"prefix":"10.1001","volume":"162","author":[{"given":"James","family":"Pham","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tara","family":"Sholji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Skin Hospital, Sydney, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marra","family":"Aghajani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Skin Hospital, Sydney, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cindy","family":"Kok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Skin Hospital, Sydney, Australia"},{"name":"University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John W.","family":"Frew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia"},{"name":"The Skin Hospital, Sydney, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"10","reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"doi260032r1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2025.1976","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of medical interventions for moderate to severe hidradenitis suppurativa: a living systematic review and network meta-analysis.","volume":"161","author":"Garg","year":"2025","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"doi260032r2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2023.6236","article-title":"Use of efficiency frontiers to align prices and clinical benefits of biologic therapies for plaque psoriasis.","volume":"160","author":"Egilman","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol"},{"key":"doi260032r3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.2147\/CCID.S279233","article-title":"Cost effectiveness of emollients in the prevention of relapses in atopic dermatitis.","volume":"13","author":"Cabout","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"doi260032r4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e154","DOI":"10.1111\/ajd.70085","article-title":"Efficacy of biologics for hidradenitis suppurativa: a network meta analysis and meta regression for baseline disease severity.","volume":"67","author":"Pham","year":"2026","journal-title":"Australas J Dermatol"},{"key":"doi260032r5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2025.107224","article-title":"Biosimilars and interchangeability: regulatory, scientific, and global perspectives.","volume":"213","author":"Iskit","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur J Pharm Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"doi260032r6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.13216","article-title":"HiSCR (hidradenitis suppurativa clinical response): a novel clinical endpoint to evaluate therapeutic outcomes in patients with hidradenitis suppurativa from the placebo-controlled portion of a phase 2 adalimumab study.","volume":"30","author":"Kimball","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"issue":"5","key":"doi260032r7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2019.12.044","article-title":"Clinical response rates, placebo response rates, and significantly associated covariates are dependent on choice of outcome measure in hidradenitis suppurativa: a post hoc analysis of PIONEER 1 and 2 individual patient data.","volume":"82","author":"Frew","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"10378","key":"doi260032r8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)00022-3","article-title":"Secukinumab in moderate-to-severe hidradenitis suppurativa (SUNSHINE and SUNRISE): week 16 and week 52 results of two identical, multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind phase 3 trials.","volume":"401","author":"Kimball","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"10443","key":"doi260032r9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2504","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)00101-6","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of bimekizumab in patients with moderate-to-severe hidradenitis suppurativa (BE HEARD I and BE HEARD II): two 48-week, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre phase 3 trials.","volume":"403","author":"Kimball","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"5","key":"doi260032r10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1504370","article-title":"Two phase 3 trials of adalimumab for hidradenitis suppurativa.","volume":"375","author":"Kimball","year":"2016","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"doi260032r19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamahealthforum.2024.3964","article-title":"Use, spending, and prices of adalimumab following biosimilar competition.","volume":"5","author":"Rome","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Health Forum"},{"issue":"5-6","key":"doi260032r26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.1159\/000539372","article-title":"Value-based healthcare: a primer for the dermatologist.","volume":"240","author":"Balak","year":"2024","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"key":"doi260032r11","unstructured":"MoonLake Immunotherapeutics. MoonLake Immunotherapeutics reports on week 16 results of the VELA phase 3 hidradenitis suppurativa program with the nanobody sonelokimab. News release. Published September 28, 2025. Accessed October 1, 2025. https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2025\/09\/28\/3157370\/0\/en\/MoonLake-Immunotherapeutics-reports-on-week-16-results-of-the-VELA-Phase-3-hidradenitis-suppurativa-program-with-the-Nanobody-sonelokimab.html"},{"key":"doi260032r12","unstructured":"Incyte. Incyte announces new 24-week phase 3 data from the STOP-HS clinical trial program of povorcitinib in hidradenitis suppurativa at EADV 2025. News release. Published September 17, 2025. Accessed September 17, 2025. https:\/\/investor.incyte.com\/news-releases\/news-release-details\/incyte-announces-new-24-week-phase-3-data-stop-hs-clinical-trial"},{"key":"doi260032r13","unstructured":"AbbVie, Inc. AbbVie pharmaceutical product catalog. Accessed May 22, 2026. https:\/\/www.e-abbvie.com\/Upload_Images\/PriceList\/"},{"key":"doi260032r14","unstructured":"Novartis, Inc. Products. May 2026. https:\/\/novartis.com\/products\/about"},{"key":"doi260032r15","unstructured":"UCB, Inc. Analysource by First DataBank. May 2026. https:\/\/ucb-usa.com\/sustainability\/affordability\/Bimzelx-Pricing-Info"},{"key":"doi260032r16","unstructured":"Centers for Medicare and Medicaid. Methodology for calculating the national average drug acquisition costs (NADAC) for Medicaid covered outpatient drugs. December 2024. https:\/\/www.medicaid.gov\/medicaid-chip-program-information\/by-topics\/prescription-drugs\/ful-nadac-downloads\/nadacmethodology.pdf"},{"key":"doi260032r17","unstructured":"Mulachy? AW, Rao? P, Petterson? L, . Prescription drug prices, rebated and insurance premiums. RAND. 2024. https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/research_reports\/RRA1800\/RRA1820-3\/RAND_RRA1820-3.pdf"},{"key":"doi260032r18","unstructured":"Institute for Clinical and Economic Review. Launch price and access report. October 23, 2025. Accessed May 22, 2026. https:\/\/icer.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/ICER_2025_Launch-Price-and-Access-Final-Report_For-Publication.pdf"},{"key":"doi260032r20","unstructured":"Australian Government Department of Health Disability and Ageing. Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) medicine listing. May 2026. https:\/\/pbs.gov.au"},{"key":"doi260032r21","unstructured":"Federal Institute of Drugs and Medical Devices. List of references prices for medical products. May 2026. http:\/\/www.bfarm.de"},{"key":"doi260032r22","unstructured":"Haute Authorite de Sante. Pricing reimbursement of drugs and HTA policies in France. https:\/\/www.hasante.fr\/upload\/docs\/application\/pdf\/reimbursement_of_drugsand_HTA_policies_in_France.pdf"},{"key":"doi260032r23","unstructured":"Ontario Drug Benefit Formulary Search. Accessed May 22, 2026. https:\/\/www.formulary.health.gov.on.ca\/formulary"},{"key":"doi260032r24","unstructured":"Fein? AJ. Inflation-adjusted U.S. brand-name drug prices fell for the seventh consecutive year as a new era of drug pricing dawns. Accessed May 22, 2026. https:\/\/www.drugchannels.net\/2025\/01\/inflation-adjusted-us-brand-name-drug.html"},{"key":"doi260032r25","unstructured":"SSR Health. US Brand Rx Net Price Tool. Accessed May 22, 2026. http:\/\/www.ssrhealth.com"}],"container-title":["JAMA Dermatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jamadermatology\/articlepdf\/2852248\/jamadermatology_pham_2026_oi_260032_1788201938.90663.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T15:04:26Z","timestamp":1789571066000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jamadermatology\/fullarticle\/2852248"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamadermatol.2026.2633","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-6068"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-6068","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]}}}