{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T13:46:32Z","timestamp":1777643192579,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,1]],"date-time":"2017-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1504224000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAMA Facial Plast Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Importance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Wound healing influences both the cosmetic and functional outcomes of facial surgery. Study of cutaneous innervation may afford insight into patients\u2019 preoperative wound healing potential and aid in their selection of appropriate surgical procedures.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To present the quantitative and qualitative differences of epidermal nerve fibers (ENFs), neurotransmitters, vasculature, and mast cells in facial skin among patients after primary and revision rhytidectomies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design, Setting, and Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This pilot study collected cutaneous specimens from 8 female patients aged 42 to 66 years who underwent primary rhytidectomy (n\u2009=\u20095) and revision rhytidectomy (n\u2009=\u20093) at Centennial Lakes Surgery Center, Edina, Minnesota, from July 2010 to March 2014. Tissue was processed for confocal\/epifluorescence microscopy and indirect immunofluorescent localization of several neural and tissue antigens as well as basement membrane and mast cell markers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Intervention<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Primary rhytidectomy vs revision rhytidectomy with selection of a small area of redundant, otherwise disposed of tissue anterior to the tragus for ENF study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main Outcomes and Measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Demographic characteristics included smoking status; 10-point rating scales for facial sensation, pain, and paresthesias; and confocal\/epifluorescence microscopy to quantify ENFs, neurotransmitters, vasculature, and mast cells.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients in the primary rhytidectomy group had a mean (SD) of 54.4 (31.6) ENFs\/mm (range, 14.2-99.2 ENFs\/mm), and those in the revision rhytidectomy group had a mean (SD) of 18.6 (5.8) ENFs\/mm (range, 13.8-25.0 ENFs\/mm). A patient in the primary rhytidectomy group was a 25-pack-year smoker and had 14.2 ENFs\/mm, the lowest in both groups. In addition to these structural neural changes, functional neural changes in revision rhytidectomy samples included qualitative changes in normal neural antigen prevalence (substance P, calcitonin gene-related peptide, and vasoactive intestinal peptide). Capillary loops appeared less robust and were less common in dermal papilla among samples from both the primary and revision groups, and mast cells were more degranulated. No differences were found in subjective, self-reported postoperative facial sensation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and Relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Previous skin elevation was associated with decreased epidermal nerve fiber density and qualitative changes in dermal nerves, capillaries, and mast cells in a clinical sample of patients undergoing rhytidectomy. Future research is needed to determine whether histological findings predict wound healing and to better understand the effects of surgery on regenerative capacity of epidermal nerve fibers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jamafacialplasticsurgery\/pages\/instructions-for-authors\/#SecLevelofEvidence\/Ethnicity\">NA<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1001\/jamafacial.2017.0007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,30]],"date-time":"2017-03-30T22:23:17Z","timestamp":1490912597000},"page":"379-385","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Comparison of Neurovascular Characteristics of Facial Skin in Patients After Primary and Revision Rhytidectomies"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Farhad","family":"Ardeshirpour","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elisabeth","family":"Hurliman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, University of Minnesota Medical Center, Minneapolis"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gwen","family":"Wendelschafer-Crabb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota Medical Center, Minneapolis"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"McAdams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota Medical Center, Minneapolis"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter A.","family":"Hilger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, University of Minnesota Medical Center, Minneapolis"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William R.","family":"Kennedy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota Medical Center, Minneapolis"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amy Anne D.","family":"Lassig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, University of Minnesota Medical Center, Minneapolis"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Brenner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Facial Plastic &amp; Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archfaci.3.3.198"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1097\/MOO.0000000000000062","article-title":"Update in facial nerve paralysis: tissue engineering and new technologies","volume":"22","author":"Langhals NB","year":"2014","unstructured":"Langhals NB, , Urbanchek MG, , Ray A, , Brenner MJ. Update in facial nerve paralysis: tissue engineering and new technologies. Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2014; 22(4):291-299. 24979369","journal-title":"Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ne.13.030190.000355"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034509359125"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.276.5309.75"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_3_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1e","DOI":"10.1097\/01.prs.0000222562.60260.f9","article-title":"Wound healing: an overview","volume":"117","author":"Broughton G","year":"2006","unstructured":"Broughton GII, , Janis JE, , Attinger CE. Wound healing: an overview. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2006; 117(7)(suppl):1e-S-32e. 16801750","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e54760","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0054760","article-title":"A human model of small fiber neuropathy to study wound healing","volume":"8","author":"Illigens BMW","year":"2013","unstructured":"Illigens BMW, , Gibbons CH. A human model of small fiber neuropathy to study wound healing. PLoS One. 2013; 8(1):e54760. 23382960","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2014.02.001","article-title":"Influence of sensory neuropeptides on human cutaneous wound healing process","volume":"74","author":"Ch\u00e9ret J","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ch\u00e9ret J, , Lebonvallet N, , Buh\u00e9 V, , Carre JL, , Misery L, , Le Gall-Ianotto C. Influence of sensory neuropeptides on human cutaneous wound healing process. J Dermatol Sci. 2014; 74(3):193-203. 24630238","journal-title":"J Dermatol Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_1_10_2","first-page":"51","article-title":"The functions of nerve growth factor and nerve growth factor receptor in wound healing","volume":"16","author":"Mori M","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mori M, , Yamamoto T, , Amemiya T, et al. The functions of nerve growth factor and nerve growth factor receptor in wound healing. Oral Med Pathol. 2011; 16(3-4):51-65. doi:10.3353\/omp.16.51","journal-title":"Oral Med Pathol"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.2000.00142.x"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1111\/wrr.12059","article-title":"Direct contact of fibroblasts with neuronal processes promotes differentiation to myofibroblasts and induces contraction of collagen matrix in vitro","volume":"21","author":"Fujiwara T","year":"2013","unstructured":"Fujiwara T, , Kubo T, , Kanazawa S, et al. Direct contact of fibroblasts with neuronal processes promotes differentiation to myofibroblasts and induces contraction of collagen matrix in vitro. Wound Repair Regen. 2013; 21(4):588-594. 23758129","journal-title":"Wound Repair Regen"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2012.464"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2015.08.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.47.4.1042"},{"issue":"14","key":"e_1_3_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1205","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000340984.74563.1c","article-title":"Skin blister and skin biopsy to quantify epidermal nerves: a comparative study","volume":"72","author":"Panoutsopoulou IG","year":"2009","unstructured":"Panoutsopoulou IG, , Wendelschafer-Crabb G, , Hodges JS, , Kennedy WR. Skin blister and skin biopsy to quantify epidermal nerves: a comparative study. Neurology. 2009; 72(14):1205-1210. 19092108","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9861(19970407)380:2<164::AID-CNE2>3.0.CO;2-1"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_3_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1232","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2009.09439.x","article-title":"Vasoactive intestinal peptide and inflammatory cytokines enhance vascular endothelial growth factor production from epidermal keratinocytes","volume":"161","author":"Kakurai M","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kakurai M, , Demitsu T, , Umemoto N, et al. Vasoactive intestinal peptide and inflammatory cytokines enhance vascular endothelial growth factor production from epidermal keratinocytes. Br J Dermatol. 2009; 161(6):1232-1238. 19785602","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2008.11.003","article-title":"Degranulated mast cells in the skin of adults with self-injurious behavior and neurodevelopmental disorders","volume":"23","author":"Symons FJ","year":"2009","unstructured":"Symons FJ, , Wendelschafer-Crabb G, , Kennedy W, , Heeth W, , Bodfish JW. Degranulated mast cells in the skin of adults with self-injurious behavior and neurodevelopmental disorders. Brain Behav Immun. 2009; 23(3):365-370. 19084591","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.PRS.0000057144.62727.C8"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200505000-00005"}],"container-title":["JAMA Facial Plastic Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1001\/jamafacial.2017.0007","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1001\/jamafacial.2017.0007","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1001\/jamafacial.2017.0007","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T06:25:21Z","timestamp":1777443921000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1001\/jamafacial.2017.0007"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1001\/jamafacial.2017.0007"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamafacial.2017.0007","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-6076","2168-6092"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-6076","type":"print"},{"value":"2168-6092","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]}}}