{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T13:47:45Z","timestamp":1777643265161,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,1]],"date-time":"2018-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1519862400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAMA Facial Plast Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]},"abstract":"\n Importance<\/jats:title>\n The nasal base view is often overlooked in rhinoplasty analysis and, unlike lateral and frontal views, lacks detailed quantitative analysis and descriptors. While shape-category analysis of the nasal base is well established, these descriptive methods remain subjective and do not facilitate quantitative analysis.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n To establish a simple and quantitative classification scheme using a multiple-parameter numerical model for analyzing and describing the shape of the nasal base.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Design, Setting, and Participants<\/jats:title>\n Deidentified photographs of the nasal base view were analyzed without knowledge of patients\u2019 pathology or medical history. Each nose was classified into 1 of 6 categories derived from literature (equilateral, narrow, flat, cloverleaf, boxy, and round). Finite parametric modeling was performed on each nose, and the correlations between the resulting parameters and the 6 categories were analyzed. Photographs for this study were acquired from the practice of a single facial plastic surgeon (B.J.F.W.) at a tertiary care academic medical center. One hundred twenty-one consecutive patients who had nasal base view photographs taken were included in the study.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Main Outcomes and Measures<\/jats:title>\n All of the 121 images were classified into 1 of the 6 categories by 1 reviewer (C.H.B.). The contour of each nasal base was curve fit to a 5-parameter numerical model. The 5 parameters controlled base size, deviation from the midline, projection-to-width ratio, degree of nasal alar recurvature, and anterior-posterior positioning of nasal base bulk. A numerical value for each nasal base shape type was predicted by the parametric model.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n In 121 patient photographs, the parametric model generated shapes that accurately matched the tracing of the actual nasal base contours with an average correlation coefficient of greater than 0.98. This finding indicates close approximation of the nasal base shape with the curve fit constructed by the PM. Parameters\n b<\/jats:italic>\n (projection-to-width ratio) and\n e<\/jats:italic>\n (roundedness) were shown to have significant differences among the groups (F statistic, 8.88;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u2009.001 and F statistic, 13.05;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u2009.001, respectively). These two curve-fit parameters alone could be used to classify nasal shape into 1 of the 6 clinically determined base geometries.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions and Relevance<\/jats:title>\n A numerical approach to classify nasal base shape was developed using a 5-parameter model and tested against subjective analysis. This model may aid in the advancement of algorithm-driven objective nasal analysis techniques, preoperative modeling, intraoperative guidance, and surgical outcome measures beyond using Likert scales.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Level of Evidence<\/jats:title>\n \n NA<\/jats:ext-link>\n .\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1001\/jamafacial.2017.1785","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,7]],"date-time":"2017-12-07T12:35:22Z","timestamp":1512650122000},"page":"160-165","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Quantitative Analysis and Classification of the Nasal Base Using a Parametric Model"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Christian H.","family":"Barnes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Heidi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California, Irvine, Irvine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jason J.","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California, Irvine, Irvine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erica","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California, Irvine, Irvine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wesley J.","family":"Moy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California, Irvine, Irvine"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brian J.F.","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine"},{"name":"Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California, Irvine, Irvine"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e3181a3f361"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamafacial.2015.1445"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002660010031"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0b013e31829024db"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2007.07.024"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2007.09.018"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000637-198311000-00004"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_9_2","volume-title":"Surgical Anatomy of the Nose","author":"Tardy ME","year":"1990","unstructured":"Tardy ME, , Brown RJ. Surgical Anatomy of the Nose. New York, NY: Raven Press; 1990."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-197207000-00022"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1997.01900080021001"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_3_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1849","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-200106000-00034","article-title":"The boxy nasal tip: classification and management based on alar cartilage suturing techniques","volume":"107","author":"Rohrich RJ","year":"2001","unstructured":"Rohrich RJ, , Adams WPJr. The boxy nasal tip: classification and management based on alar cartilage suturing techniques. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2001; 107(7):1849-1863. 11396487","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archfaci.8.3.156"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsc.2014.09.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0036-1585573"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_3_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0036-1596049","article-title":"Optimizing the soft tissue triangle, alar margin furrow, and alar ridge aesthetics: analysis and use of the articulate alar rim graft","volume":"32","author":"Goodrich JL","year":"2016","unstructured":"Goodrich JL, , Wong BJ. Optimizing the soft tissue triangle, alar margin furrow, and alar ridge aesthetics: analysis and use of the articulate alar rim graft. 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