{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T04:09:20Z","timestamp":1785470960510,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,1]],"date-time":"2018-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1541030400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAMA Facial Plast Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Importance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The severity of a health state may be quantified using health utility measures. The utility of flaccid unilateral facial paralysis and unilateral moderate to severe postparalytic facial nerve syndrome with synkinesis may be challenging to discern from photographs alone.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine the societal health utility of flaccid unilateral facial paralysis, unilateral moderate to severe postparalytic facial nerve syndrome, and post\u2013facial reanimation using standard video.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design, Setting, and Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This survey study was conducted at the Massachusetts Eye and Ear and the Harvard Decision Science Laboratory from June 14, 2017, to August 3, 2017. Healthy adult na\u00efve observers were recruited through advertising in the Cambridge, Massachusetts, area. Participants (n\u2009=\u2009298) completed the web-based, interactive survey in person. The survey comprised clinical vignettes consisting of symptom summaries, videos, and pictures depicting 5 health states.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main Outcomes and Measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Adult na\u00efve observers ranked the utility of 5 randomized health states (flaccid unilateral facial paralysis, unilateral moderate to severe postparalytic facial nerve syndrome, post\u2013facial reanimation, monocular blindness, and binocular blindness) according to the visual analog scale (VAS), standard gamble (SG), and time trade-off (TTO) measures. Standard videos of patients\u2019 facial function were used.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In total, 377 na\u00efve observers were recruited and completed the survey in its entirety. Of the 377 participants, 298 (79.0%) were included for analysis. Among the 298 participants, 151 (50.7%) were female, 146 (49.0%) were male, with a mean (SD) age of 33.0 (15.1) years. No differences in health utility scores (SD) were observed between flaccid unilateral facial paralysis and unilateral moderate to severe postparalytic facial nerve syndrome (VAS: 0.598 [0.213] vs 0.629 [0.207]; SG: 0.714 [0.245] vs 0.748 [0.237]; TTO: 0.716 [0.248] vs 0.741 [0.247]). Both health states rated substantially worse than monocular blindness (VAS: 0.691 [0.212]; SG: 0.817 [0.204]; TTO: 0.826 [0.196]) and post\u2013facial reanimation (VAS: 0.742 [0.189]; SG: 0.833 [0.206]; TTO: 0.838 [0.19]).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and Relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Health utility scores for flaccid unilateral facial paralysis and unilateral moderate to severe postparalytic facial nerve syndrome appeared to be equivalent and worse than that for monocular blindness, whereas scores for post\u2013facial reanimation were substantially higher than the scores for the 2 facial movement disorders. These findings may provide insights into the societal advantages of facial reanimation surgery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jamafacialplasticsurgery\/pages\/instructions-for-authors\/#SecLevelofEvidence\/Ethnicity\">NA<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1001\/jamafacial.2018.0866","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,3]],"date-time":"2018-09-03T18:34:38Z","timestamp":1535999678000},"page":"480-487","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Evaluation of Societal Health Utility of Facial Palsy and Facial Reanimation"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Callum","family":"Faris","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston"},{"name":"Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, T\u00fcbingen University, T\u00fcbingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oren","family":"Tessler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alyssa","family":"Heiser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston"},{"name":"Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tessa","family":"Hadlock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston"},{"name":"Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nate","family":"Jowett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston"},{"name":"Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2012.05.027"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1097\/WNP.0000000000000095","article-title":"Blink reflex studies in postparalytic facial syndrome and blepharospasm: trigeminal and extratrigeminal somatosensory stimulation","volume":"31","author":"Benbir G","year":"2014","unstructured":"Benbir G, , Kiziltan ME. 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