{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T14:24:14Z","timestamp":1783779854472,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,1]],"date-time":"2019-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1561939200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAMA Facial Plast Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Importance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Facial skeletal changes that occur with aging have critical importance to the aesthetics of the aging face and the field of facial rejuvenation. Patterns of bony change may differ based on race, but existing research is limited primarily to white or unspecified racial populations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To longitudinally document patterns of facial skeletal change among black individuals.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design, Setting, and Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This retrospective case series study evaluated the medical records of patients treated at an urban tertiary medical center and with at least 2 facial computed tomographic (CT) images obtained at least 6 years apart between 1973 and 2017. All patients were self-identified black adults initially aged 40 to 55 years with no history of facial surgery who required repeated facial CT imaging that included the entire midface and cranium. All data analysis took place between August 1, 2018, and October 31, 2018.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main Outcomes and Measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Facial CT scans were analyzed for 2-dimensional measurements to document changes in glabellar angle, bilateral maxillary angles, frontozygomatic junction width, orbital width, and piriform width.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 20 patients were included in our analysis (6 men, 14 women). The patients\u2019 mean (SD) initial age was 46.8 (5.8) years, with a mean (SD) follow-up of 10.7 (2.9) years. There was a significant increase in mean (SD) piriform aperture width from 3.24 (0.37) cm to 3.31 (0.32) cm (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.002) and mean (SD) female orbital width from 3.77 (0.25) cm to 3.84 (0.19) cm (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.04). There was a significant decrease in mean (SD) frontozygomatic junction width from 5.46 (1.38) mm to 5.24 (1.42) mm (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.001). No significant differences were found in glabellar angles, maxillary angles, or male orbital width between initial and final imaging time points.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and Relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study is the first to our knowledge to document longitudinal bony changes of the face among a population of black individuals. Although significant facial skeletal changes can be observed over an average 10-year period, they are minor in comparison to previously published data among whites. This study suggests that there may be significant differences in facial bony aging between races which may have an impact on the aesthetics of aging and hold implications for facial rejuvenation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jamafacialplasticsurgery\/pages\/instructions-for-authors\/#SecLevelofEvidence\/Ethnicity\">NA<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1001\/jamafacial.2019.0028","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,4]],"date-time":"2019-04-04T11:38:27Z","timestamp":1554377907000},"page":"292-297","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Long-term Patterns of Age-Related Facial Bone Loss in Black Individuals"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"David","family":"Buziashvili","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacob I.","family":"Tower","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neel R.","family":"Sangal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aakash M.","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Boris","family":"Paskhover","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,18]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1177\/1090820X12462865","article-title":"Facial bone density: effects of aging and impact on facial rejuvenation","volume":"32","author":"Shaw RB","year":"2012","unstructured":"Shaw RBJr, , Katzel EB, , Koltz PF, , Kahn DM, , Puzas EJ, , Langstein HN. 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