{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T12:07:46Z","timestamp":1772107666887,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"American Medical Association (AMA)","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAMA Intern Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,1]]},"DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2018.4463","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,10]],"date-time":"2018-10-10T19:58:33Z","timestamp":1539201513000},"page":"1526","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["Association of Chronic Kidney Disease With Allopurinol Use in Gout Treatment"],"prefix":"10.1001","volume":"178","author":[{"given":"Ana Beatriz","family":"Vargas-Santos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Department, Rheumatology Unit, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christine E.","family":"Peloquin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology Research and Training Unit, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuqing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology Research and Training Unit, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tuhina","family":"Neogi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology Research and Training Unit, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"10","reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"ioi180071r1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3136","DOI":"10.1002\/art.30520","article-title":"Prevalence of gout and hyperuricemia in the US general population: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007-2008.","volume":"63","author":"Zhu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"24","key":"ioi180071r2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2684","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.14484","article-title":"Eligibility for and prescription of urate-lowering treatment in patients with incident gout in England.","volume":"312","author":"Kuo","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"4","key":"ioi180071r3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.22469","article-title":"Gout, urate-lowering therapy, and uric acid levels among adults in the United States.","volume":"67","author":"Juraschek","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)"},{"issue":"7","key":"ioi180071r4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2011.09.033","article-title":"Comorbidities of gout and hyperuricemia in the US general population: NHANES 2007-2008.","volume":"125","author":"Zhu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"ioi180071r5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.01.055","article-title":"Management of gout and hyperuricemia in CKD.","volume":"70","author":"Vargas-Santos","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"ioi180071r6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(84)90743-5","article-title":"Severe allopurinol toxicity. Description and guidelines for prevention in patients with renal insufficiency.","volume":"76","author":"Hande","year":"1984","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"ioi180071r7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1111\/sdi.2007.20.issue-5","article-title":"Allopurinol dosing in renal impairment: walking the tightrope between adequate urate lowering and adverse events.","volume":"20","author":"Dalbeth","year":"2007","journal-title":"Semin Dial"},{"issue":"8","key":"ioi180071r8","first-page":"1646","article-title":"Dose adjustment of allopurinol according to creatinine clearance does not provide adequate control of hyperuricemia in patients with gout.","volume":"33","author":"Dalbeth","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"8","key":"ioi180071r9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2529","DOI":"10.1002\/art.34488","article-title":"Starting dose is a risk factor for allopurinol hypersensitivity syndrome: a proposed safe starting dose of allopurinol.","volume":"64","author":"Stamp","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"2","key":"ioi180071r10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1002\/art.30119","article-title":"Using allopurinol above the dose based on creatinine clearance is effective and safe in patients with chronic gout, including those with renal impairment.","volume":"63","author":"Stamp","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"9","key":"ioi180071r11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1522","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2016-210872","article-title":"A randomised controlled trial of the efficacy and safety of allopurinol dose escalation to achieve target serum urate in people with gout.","volume":"76","author":"Stamp","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"ioi180071r12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2005.10.006","article-title":"Use of allopurinol in slowing the progression of renal disease through its ability to lower serum uric acid level.","volume":"47","author":"Siu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"ioi180071r13","first-page":"128","article-title":"Effect of allopurinol in decreasing proteinuria in type 2 diabetic patients.","volume":"4","author":"Momeni","year":"2010","journal-title":"Iran J Kidney Dis"},{"issue":"8","key":"ioi180071r14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1388","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.01580210","article-title":"Effect of allopurinol in chronic kidney disease progression and cardiovascular risk.","volume":"5","author":"Goicoechea","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"issue":"4","key":"ioi180071r15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2014.11.016","article-title":"Allopurinol and progression of CKD and cardiovascular events: long-term follow-up of a randomized clinical trial.","volume":"65","author":"Goicoechea","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"ioi180071r16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.4103\/0971-4065.114499","article-title":"Allopurinol for prevention of progression of kidney disease with hyperuricemia.","volume":"23","author":"Pai","year":"2013","journal-title":"Indian J Nephrol"},{"issue":"5","key":"ioi180071r17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.131159","article-title":"Effect of urate-lowering therapies on renal disease progression in patients with hyperuricemia.","volume":"41","author":"Levy","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"ioi180071r18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1044","DOI":"10.1007\/s10157-015-1095-1","article-title":"Renoprotective effects of febuxostat in hyperuricemic patients with chronic kidney disease: a parallel-group, randomized, controlled trial.","volume":"19","author":"Tanaka","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Exp Nephrol"},{"issue":"11","key":"ioi180071r19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2143","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.150067","article-title":"Effect of urate lowering therapy on renal disease progression in hyperuricemic patients with chronic kidney disease.","volume":"42","author":"Kim","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"8","key":"ioi180071r20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2035","DOI":"10.1002\/art.39654","article-title":"Impact of febuxostat on renal function in gout patients with moderate-to-severe renal impairment.","volume":"68","author":"Saag","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"ioi180071r21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2015.05.017","article-title":"Efficacy of febuxostat for slowing the GFR decline in patients with CKD and asymptomatic hyperuricemia: a 6-month, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial.","volume":"66","author":"Sircar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"issue":"10","key":"ioi180071r22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2015.05.033","article-title":"Reducing prescribing errors through creatinine clearance alert redesign.","volume":"128","author":"Melton","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"ioi180071r23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.41.1.59","article-title":"Allopurinol treatment and its effect on renal function in gout: a controlled study.","volume":"41","author":"Gibson","year":"1982","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"ioi180071r24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-014-2806-9","article-title":"Influence of urate-lowering therapies on renal handling of uric acid.","volume":"35","author":"Ma","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"issue":"8","key":"ioi180071r25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2014.29.8.1077","article-title":"Four-week effects of allopurinol and febuxostat treatments on blood pressure and serum creatinine level in gouty men.","volume":"29","author":"Kim","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Korean Med Sci"},{"key":"ioi180071r26","first-page":"75","article-title":"A language of health in action: Read Codes, classifications and groupings.","author":"Stuart-Buttle","year":"1996","journal-title":"Proc AMIA Annu Fall Symp"},{"issue":"4","key":"ioi180071r28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1002\/(ISSN)1099-1557","article-title":"Validation studies of the health improvement network (THIN) database for pharmacoepidemiology research.","volume":"16","author":"Lewis","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf"},{"issue":"6","key":"ioi180071r29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-130-6-199903160-00002","article-title":"A more accurate method to estimate glomerular filtration rate from serum creatinine: a new prediction equation.","volume":"130","author":"Levey","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"ioi180071r30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1138","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.v20.11","article-title":"Validation of The Health Improvement Network (THIN) database for epidemiologic studies of chronic kidney disease.","volume":"20","author":"Denburg","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf"},{"issue":"2","key":"ioi180071r31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1097\/RHU.0b013e31819c0dba","article-title":"First acute gout attacks commonly precede features of the metabolic syndrome.","volume":"15","author":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Cuevas","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Rheumatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"ioi180071r32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R63","DOI":"10.1186\/ar2978","article-title":"The urate-lowering efficacy and safety of febuxostat in the treatment of the hyperuricemia of gout: the CONFIRMS trial.","volume":"12","author":"Becker","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"ioi180071r33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2007.083071","article-title":"Efficacy and tolerability of urate-lowering drugs in gout: a randomised controlled trial of benzbromarone versus probenecid after failure of allopurinol.","volume":"68","author":"Reinders","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"ioi180071r34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2008.091462","article-title":"A randomised controlled trial on the efficacy and tolerability with dose escalation of allopurinol 300-600 mg\/d versus benzbromarone 100-200 mg\/d in patients with gout.","volume":"68","author":"Reinders","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"ioi180071r35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2014.32","article-title":"Optimizing current treatment of gout.","volume":"10","author":"Rees","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"ioi180071r36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2012-201676","article-title":"Patients with gout adhere to curative treatment if informed appropriately: proof-of-concept observational study.","volume":"72","author":"Rees","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"ioi180071r37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2015-209046","article-title":"Are allopurinol dose and duration of use nephroprotective in the elderly? a Medicare claims study of allopurinol use and incident renal failure.","volume":"76","author":"Singh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"ioi180071r38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/RHU.0000000000000480","article-title":"The effect of allopurinol on renal function.","volume":"23","author":"Krishnamurthy","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Rheumatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"ioi180071r39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1227","DOI":"10.1007\/s11255-007-9253-3","article-title":"Effect of treatment of hyperuricemia with allopurinol on blood pressure, creatinine clearence, and proteinuria in patients with normal renal functions.","volume":"39","author":"Kanbay","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int Urol Nephrol"},{"issue":"8","key":"ioi180071r40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1887","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.11451210","article-title":"A randomized study of allopurinol on endothelial function and estimated glomular filtration rate in asymptomatic hyperuricemic subjects with normal renal function.","volume":"6","author":"Kanbay","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"issue":"7","key":"ioi180071r41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1382","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2010111185","article-title":"Allopurinol benefits left ventricular mass and endothelial dysfunction in chronic kidney disease.","volume":"22","author":"Kao","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"issue":"3","key":"ioi180071r42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1159\/000331453","article-title":"Clinical outcome of hyperuricemia in IgA nephropathy: a retrospective cohort study and randomized controlled trial.","volume":"35","author":"Shi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Kidney Blood Press Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"ioi180071r43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.12673","article-title":"Allopurinol treatment improves renal function in patients with type 2 diabetes and asymptomatic hyperuricemia: 3-year randomized parallel-controlled study.","volume":"83","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"issue":"4","key":"ioi180071r44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jjcc.2014.12.017","article-title":"Comparison of febuxostat and allopurinol for hyperuricemia in cardiac surgery patients with chronic kidney disease (NU-FLASH trial for CKD).","volume":"66","author":"Sezai","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Cardiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"ioi180071r45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gft378","article-title":"Effects of uric acid-lowering therapy on renal outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"29","author":"Bose","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"ioi180071r46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1186\/s12882-015-0047-z","article-title":"Urate lowering therapy to improve renal outcomes in patients with chronic kidney disease: systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"16","author":"Kanji","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Nephrol"},{"issue":"3","key":"ioi180071r47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.5527\/wjn.v6.i3.132","article-title":"Any link of gout disease control among hypertensive patients and onset of end-stage renal disease? Results from a population-based study.","volume":"6","author":"Perreault","year":"2017","journal-title":"World J Nephrol"},{"key":"ioi180071r48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1185\/03007995.2015.1087979","article-title":"Why focus on uric acid?","volume":"31","author":"Johnson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr Med Res Opin"},{"issue":"2","key":"ioi180071r49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1002\/art.v64.2","article-title":"Are either or both hyperuricemia and xanthine oxidase directly toxic to the vasculature? A critical appraisal.","volume":"64","author":"Neogi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"4","key":"ioi180071r50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.7326\/M16-2607","article-title":"Sensitivity analysis in observational research: introducing the E-value.","volume":"167","author":"VanderWeele","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"ioi180071r51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1431","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.21772","article-title":"2012 American College of Rheumatology guidelines for management of gout. Part 1: systematic nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic therapeutic approaches to hyperuricemia.","volume":"64","author":"Khanna","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)"},{"key":"ioi180071r27","unstructured":"First Databank. Multilex for primary care. http:\/\/www.fdbhealth.co.uk\/multilex-overview\/. Accessed August 05, 2017."}],"container-title":["JAMA Internal Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jamainternalmedicine\/fullarticle\/2705694","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,5]],"date-time":"2018-11-05T16:00:31Z","timestamp":1541433631000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/archinte.jamanetwork.com\/article.aspx?doi=10.1001\/jamainternmed.2018.4463"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,1]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamainternmed.2018.4463","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-6106"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-6106","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,1]]}}}