{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T02:32:35Z","timestamp":1790389955406,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"American Medical Association (AMA)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAMA Intern Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]]},"DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2020.6319","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,30]],"date-time":"2020-09-30T21:02:12Z","timestamp":1601499732000},"page":"195","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":153,"title":["Efficacy and Safety of Hydroxychloroquine vs Placebo for Pre-exposure SARS-CoV-2 Prophylaxis Among Health Care Workers"],"prefix":"10.1001","volume":"181","author":[{"given":"Benjamin S.","family":"Abella","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eliana L.","family":"Jolkovsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara T.","family":"Biney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie E.","family":"Uspal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew C.","family":"Hyman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian","family":"Frank","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott E.","family":"Hensley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saar","family":"Gill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Abramson Cancer Center and Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan T.","family":"Vogl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Abramson Cancer Center and Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivan","family":"Maillard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Abramson Cancer Center and Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daria V.","family":"Babushok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Abramson Cancer Center and Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander C.","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Abramson Cancer Center and Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sunita D.","family":"Nasta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Abramson Cancer Center and Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer C.","family":"Walsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Abramson Cancer Center and Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E. Paul","family":"Wiletyo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Phyllis A.","family":"Gimotty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael C.","family":"Milone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ravi K.","family":"Amaravadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Abramson Cancer Center and Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"Prevention and Treatment of COVID-19 With Hydroxychloroquine (PATCH) Investigators","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"10","reference":[{"key":"ioi200089r2","article-title":"Estimation of excess deaths associated with the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States, March to May 2020.","volume":"e203391","author":"Weinberger","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"ioi200089r3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1111\/jrh.v36.3","article-title":"Spatial disparities in coronavirus incidence and mortality in the United States: An ecological analysis as of May 2020.","volume":"36","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Rural Health"},{"key":"ioi200089r4","article-title":"Disproportionate impact of COVID-19 on racial and ethnic minorities in the United States.","author":"Tai","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ioi200089r5","article-title":"Impact of comorbidities on patients with COVID-19: a large retrospective study in Zhejiang, China.","author":"Ye","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"ioi200089r6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.15229","article-title":"A cross-sectional study of immune seroconversion to SARS-CoV-2 in frontline maternity health professionals.","author":"Bampoe","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"issue":"10242","key":"ioi200089r7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1973","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)31142-9","article-title":"Physical distancing, face masks, and eye protection to prevent person-to-person transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"395","author":"Chu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ioi200089r8","article-title":"Dexamethasone in hospitalized patients with Covid-19\u2014preliminary Report.","author":"Horby","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ioi200089r9","article-title":"Remdesivir for severe COVID-19 versus a cohort receiving standard of care.","author":"Olender","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"ioi200089r10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-020-04621-7","article-title":"Pre-exposure prophylaxis with hydroxychloroquine for high-risk healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: a structured summary of a study protocol for a multicentre, double-blind randomized controlled trial.","volume":"21","author":"Grau-Pujol","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trials"},{"issue":"4","key":"ioi200089r11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.7326\/M20-2496","article-title":"Hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine for treatment or prophylaxis of COVID-19: a living systematic review.","volume":"173","author":"Hernandez","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"ioi200089r12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.3949\/ccjm.85a.17034","article-title":"Hydroxychloroquine: an old drug with new relevance.","volume":"85","author":"Shippey","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cleve Clin J Med"},{"issue":"17","key":"ioi200089r13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E450","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.200528","article-title":"Safety considerations with chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin in the management of SARS-CoV-2 infection.","volume":"192","author":"Juurlink","year":"2020","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"issue":"6","key":"ioi200089r14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2016638","article-title":"A randomized trial of hydroxychloroquine as postexposure prophylaxis for Covid-19.","volume":"383","author":"Boulware","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"ioi200089r15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMe2020388","article-title":"Hydroxychloroquine for the prevention of Covid-19\u2014searching for evidence.","volume":"383","author":"Cohen","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"ioi200089r16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2020.03.024","article-title":"Urgent guidance for navigating and circumventing the QTc-prolonging and torsadogenic potential of possible pharmacotherapies for coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19).","volume":"95","author":"Giudicessi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"ioi200089r18","article-title":"Outcomes of cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging in patients recently recovered from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).","volume":"e203557","author":"Puntmann","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"ioi200089r19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1696","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2020.05.005","article-title":"Acute QT interval modifications during hydroxychloroquine-azithromycin treatment in the context of COVID-19 infection.","volume":"95","author":"Voisin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"ioi200089r21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2558-4","article-title":"Hydroxychloroquine use against SARS-CoV-2 infection in non-human primates.","author":"Maisonnasse","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"1","key":"ioi200089r22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-020-04577-8","article-title":"Protecting frontline health care workers from COVID-19 with hydroxychloroquine pre-exposure prophylaxis: a structured summary of a study protocol for a randomised placebo-controlled multisite trial in Toronto, Canada.","volume":"21","author":"Wright","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trials"},{"issue":"1","key":"ioi200089r23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-020-04527-4","article-title":"PROTECT Trial: a cluster-randomized study with hydroxychloroquine versus observational support for prevention or early-phase treatment of coronavirus disease (COVID-19): a structured summary of a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.","volume":"21","author":"Nanni","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trials"},{"key":"ioi200089r1","unstructured":"US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. CDC COVID data tracker. Accessed September 23, 2020. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/coronavirus\/2019-ncov\/cases-updates\/cases-in-us.html."},{"key":"ioi200089r17","unstructured":"National Cancer Institute. Common terminology criteria for adverse events (CTCAE). Accessed August 16, 2020. https:\/\/ctep.cancer.gov\/protocolDevelopment\/electronic_applications\/ctc.htm"},{"key":"ioi200089r20","unstructured":"Google. Publicly available COVID-19 datasets. Accessed August 16, 2020. https:\/\/cloud.google.com\/blog\/products\/data-analytics\/publicly-available-covid-19-data-for-analytics"}],"container-title":["JAMA Internal Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jamainternalmedicine\/articlepdf\/2771265\/jamainternal_abella_2020_oi_200089_1611344111.08576.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,2]],"date-time":"2021-02-02T05:41:52Z","timestamp":1612244512000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jamainternalmedicine\/fullarticle\/2771265"}},"subtitle":["A Randomized Clinical Trial"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamainternmed.2020.6319","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-6106"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-6106","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]]}}}