{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T17:07:51Z","timestamp":1790701671111,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"American Medical Association (AMA)","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAMA Intern Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"ab-ioi210035-4\"><jats:title>Importance<\/jats:title><jats:p>The notion that caffeine increases the risk of cardiac arrhythmias is common. However, evidence that the consumption of caffeinated products increases the risk of arrhythmias remains poorly substantiated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"ab-ioi210035-5\"><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To assess the association between consumption of common caffeinated products and the risk of arrhythmias.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"ab-ioi210035-6\"><jats:title>Design, Setting, and Participants<\/jats:title><jats:p>This prospective cohort study analyzed longitudinal data from the UK Biobank between January 1, 2006, and December 31, 2018. After exclusion criteria were applied, 386\u202f258 individuals were available for analyses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"ab-ioi210035-7\"><jats:title>Exposures<\/jats:title><jats:p>Daily coffee intake and genetic polymorphisms that affect caffeine metabolism.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"ab-ioi210035-8\"><jats:title>Main Outcomes and Measures<\/jats:title><jats:p>Any cardiac arrhythmia, including atrial fibrillation or flutter, supraventricular tachycardia, ventricular tachycardia, premature atrial complexes, and premature ventricular complexes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"ab-ioi210035-9\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 386\u202f258 individuals (mean [SD] age, 56 [8] years; 52.3% female) were assessed. During a mean (SD) follow-up of 4.5\u2009(3.1) years, 16\u202f979 participants developed an incident arrhythmia. After adjustment for demographic characteristics, comorbid conditions, and lifestyle habits, each additional cup of habitual coffee consumed was associated with a 3% lower risk of incident arrhythmia (hazard ratio [HR], 0.97; 95% CI, 0.96-0.98; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;amp;lt;\u2009.001). In analyses of each arrhythmia alone, statistically significant associations exhibiting a similar magnitude were observed for atrial fibrillation and\/or flutter (HR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.96-0.98; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;amp;lt;\u2009.001) and supraventricular tachycardia (HR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.94-0.99; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.002). Two distinct interaction analyses, one using a caffeine metabolism\u2013related polygenic score of 7 genetic polymorphisms and another restricted to CYP1A2 rs762551 alone, did not reveal any evidence of effect modification. A mendelian randomization study that used these same genetic variants revealed no significant association between underlying propensities to differing caffeine metabolism and the risk of incident arrhythmia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"ab-ioi210035-10\"><jats:title>Conclusions and Relevance<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this prospective cohort study, greater amounts of habitual coffee consumption were associated with a lower risk of arrhythmia, with no evidence that genetically mediated caffeine metabolism affected that association. Mendelian randomization failed to provide evidence that caffeine consumption was associated with arrhythmias.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2021.3616","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,19]],"date-time":"2021-07-19T15:33:53Z","timestamp":1626708833000},"page":"1185","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":75,"title":["Coffee Consumption and Incident Tachyarrhythmias"],"prefix":"10.1001","volume":"181","author":[{"given":"Eun-jeong","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas J.","family":"Hoffmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San 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