{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T07:02:35Z","timestamp":1791874955105,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"American Medical Association (AMA)","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAMA Intern Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"ab-ioi240017-4\">\n                    <jats:title>Importance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Oropharyngeal dysphagia is common in hospitalized patients with Alzheimer disease and related dementias (ADRD). Although the use of thick liquids in patients with dysphagia has been shown to reduce aspiration on direct visualization, there is no clear evidence that this practice translates into improved clinical outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"ab-ioi240017-5\">\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine whether a diet of thick liquids compared with thin liquids is associated with improved outcomes in hospitalized patients with ADRD and dysphagia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"ab-ioi240017-6\">\n                    <jats:title>Design, Setting, and Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This cohort study included adults aged 65 years and older with ADRD who were admitted to the medicine service across 11 diverse hospitals in New York between January 1, 2017, and September 20, 2022, with clinical suspicion of dysphagia during hospitalization and survival for at least 24 hours after hospital arrival. Patients were grouped according to whether at least 75% of their hospital diet consisted of a thick liquid diet or a thin liquid diet. Propensity score matching was used to balance covariates across the 2 groups for the following covariates: demographics (eg, age, sex), baseline clinical characteristics (eg, Charlson Comorbidity Index), and acute presentation (eg, respiratory diagnosis, illness severity, delirium).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"ab-ioi240017-7\">\n                    <jats:title>Main Outcomes and Measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hospital outcomes included mortality (primary outcome), respiratory complications (eg, pneumonia), intubation, and hospital length of stay (LOS).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"ab-ioi240017-8\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Of 8916 patients with ADRD and dysphagia included in the propensity score matched analysis, the mean (SD) age was 85.7 (8.0) years and 4829 were female (54.2%). A total of 4458 patients receiving a thick liquid diet were matched with 4458 patients receiving a thin liquid diet. There was no significant difference in hospital mortality between the thick liquids and thin liquids groups (hazard ratio, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.75-1.14];\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.46). Compared with patients receiving thin liquids, patients receiving thick liquids were less likely to be intubated (odds ratio [OR], 0.66; 95% CI, 0.54-0.80), but they were more likely to have respiratory complications (OR, 1.73; 95% CI, 1.56-1.91).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"ab-ioi240017-9\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and Relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This cohort study emphasizes the need for prospective studies that evaluate whether thick liquids are associated with improved clinical outcomes in hospitalized patients with ADRD and dysphagia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2024.0736","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,6]],"date-time":"2024-05-06T11:02:55Z","timestamp":1714993375000},"page":"778","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Thick Liquids and Clinical Outcomes in Hospitalized Patients With Alzheimer Disease and Related Dementias and Dysphagia"],"prefix":"10.1001","volume":"184","author":[{"given":"Alexander","family":"Makhnevich","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwell, New Hyde Park, New York"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra\/Northwell, Northwell, Hempstead, New York"},{"name":"Institute of Health System Science, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell, Manhasset, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Perrin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwell, New Hyde Park, New York"},{"name":"Institute of Health System Science, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell, Manhasset, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dristi","family":"Talukder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwell, New Hyde Park, New York"},{"name":"Institute of Health System Science, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell, Manhasset, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwell, New Hyde Park, New York"},{"name":"Institute of Health System Science, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell, Manhasset, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie","family":"Izard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwell, New Hyde Park, New York"},{"name":"Institute of Health System Science, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell, Manhasset, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Codruta","family":"Chiuzan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwell, New Hyde Park, New York"},{"name":"Institute of Health System Science, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell, Manhasset, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefani","family":"D\u2019Angelo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwell, New Hyde Park, New York"},{"name":"Institute of Health System Science, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell, Manhasset, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Affoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Rogus-Pulia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison"},{"name":"Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. 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