{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T04:17:00Z","timestamp":1793506620984,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"American Medical Association (AMA)","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAMA Intern Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"ab-ioi240042-4\">\n                    <jats:title>Importance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Many studies have evaluated whether in utero cannabis exposure is associated with fetal and neonatal outcomes, yet little is known about whether prenatal cannabis use is associated with maternal health outcomes during pregnancy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"ab-ioi240042-5\">\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate whether prenatal cannabis use is associated with maternal health outcomes during pregnancy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"ab-ioi240042-6\">\n                    <jats:title>Design, Setting, and Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This population-based retrospective cohort study included pregnancies in Northern California from January 2011 to December 2019 that lasted 20 weeks or longer and were screened for prenatal cannabis use.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"ab-ioi240042-7\">\n                    <jats:title>Exposures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prenatal cannabis use was defined as any self-reported use during early pregnancy or a positive toxicology test result based on universal screening at entrance to prenatal care (approximately 8-10 weeks\u2019 gestation). Self-reported frequency of use (daily, weekly, monthly or less, never, unknown), use defined only by self-report, and use defined only by toxicology test results were examined.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"ab-ioi240042-8\">\n                    <jats:title>Main Outcomes and Measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Electronic health record data were used to define the following outcomes: gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, eclampsia, gestational diabetes, gestational weight gain greater and less than guidelines, placenta previa, placental abruption, placenta accreta, and severe maternal morbidity. Adjusted risk ratios (aRRs) were calculated using a modified Poisson regression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"ab-ioi240042-9\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The sample (n\u2009=\u2009316\u202f722 pregnancies; 250\u202f221 unique individuals) included 84\u202f039 (26.5%) Asian\/Pacific Islander, 20\u202f053 (6.3%) Black, 83\u202f145 (26.3%) Hispanic, and 118\u202f333 (37.4%) White individuals; the mean (SD) age was 30.6 (5.4) years. Overall, 20\u202f053 (6.3%) screened positive for prenatal cannabis use; 2.9% were positive by self-report, 5.3% by toxicology testing, and 1.8% by both. The frequency of cannabis use was 1930 (0.6%) daily, 2345 (0.7%) weekly, 4892 (1.5%) monthly or less, and 10\u202f886 (3.4%) unknown. Prenatal cannabis use was associated with greater risk of gestational hypertension (aRR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.13-1.21), preeclampsia (aRR, 1.08; 95% CI, 1.01-1.15), weight gain less than (aRR, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.01-1.08) and greater than (aRR, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.08-1.10) guidelines, and placental abruption (aRR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.05-1.36). The pattern of results was similar when defining prenatal cannabis use only by self-report or only by toxicology testing, and associations between the frequency of prenatal cannabis use and outcomes varied with outcome.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"ab-ioi240042-10\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and Relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The results of this cohort study suggest that prenatal cannabis use was associated with several adverse maternal health outcomes during pregnancy. Continued research is needed to understand whether characteristics of prenatal cannabis use (eg, dose, mode, and timing) moderate these associations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2024.3270","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,22]],"date-time":"2024-07-22T11:01:35Z","timestamp":1721646095000},"page":"1083","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":86,"title":["Prenatal Cannabis Use and Maternal Pregnancy Outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1001","volume":"184","author":[{"given":"Kelly C.","family":"Young-Wolff","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara R.","family":"Adams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, 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