{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T18:39:01Z","timestamp":1793299141788,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"American Medical Association (AMA)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAMA Intern Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"ab-ioi240091-4\">\n                    <jats:title>Importance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>No large randomized clinical trial has directly compared empagliflozin with dapagliflozin, leaving their comparative effectiveness regarding kidney outcomes unknown.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"ab-ioi240091-5\">\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To compare kidney outcomes between initiation of empagliflozin vs dapagliflozin in adults with type 2 diabetes who were receiving antihyperglycemic treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"ab-ioi240091-6\">\n                    <jats:title>Design, Setting, and Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This target trial emulation used nationwide, population-based routinely collected Danish health care data to compare initiation of empagliflozin vs dapagliflozin in adults with type 2 diabetes who received antihyperglycemic treatment between June 1, 2014, and October 31, 2020. Data were analyzed from October 2023 to August 2024. Persons were followed up until an outcome, emigration, death, 6 years, or December 31, 2021, whichever occurred first.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"ab-ioi240091-7\">\n                    <jats:title>Exposure<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Initiation of empagliflozin vs dapagliflozin.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"ab-ioi240091-8\">\n                    <jats:title>Main Outcomes and Measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Outcomes included acute kidney injury, incident chronic kidney disease (stages G3 to G5 or stage A2 or A3), and progression of chronic kidney disease (\u226540% decrease in estimated glomerular filtration rate from baseline). Risks of kidney outcomes were estimated in intention-to-treat and per-protocol analyses using an Aalen-Johansen estimator that adjusted for 56 potential confounders and considered death as a competing event.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"ab-ioi240091-9\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 32\u202f819 individuals who initiated treatment with empagliflozin and 17\u202f464 with dapagliflozin were included (median [IQR] age, 63 [54-71] years; 18\u202f872 female individuals [37.5%]; median [IQR] estimated glomerular filtration rate, 88 [73-104] mL\/min\/1.73 m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      ). After weighting, all measured covariates were well balanced between the groups. In intention-to-treat analyses, people who initiated treatment with empagliflozin and dapagliflozin exhibited comparable 6-year risks of acute kidney injury (18.2% vs 18.5%; risk ratio, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.91-1.06), chronic kidney disease stages G3 to G5 (11.8% vs 12.1%; risk ratio, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.89-1.05), chronic kidney disease stage A2 or A3 (14.8% vs 14.3%; risk ratio, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.93-1.15), and progression of chronic kidney disease (5.3% vs 5.7%; risk ratio, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.56-1.58). The primary analyses were supported by corresponding per-protocol analyses.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"ab-ioi240091-10\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and Relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The results of this cohort study suggest that people with type 2 diabetes who initiated treatment with empagliflozin and dapagliflozin had comparable long-term kidney outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2024.7381","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,21]],"date-time":"2025-01-21T11:14:26Z","timestamp":1737458066000},"page":"314","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Effectiveness of Empagliflozin vs Dapagliflozin for Kidney Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes"],"prefix":"10.1001","volume":"185","author":[{"given":"Kasper","family":"Bonnesen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Uffe","family":"Heide-J\u00f8rgensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diana H.","family":"Christensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian F.","family":"Christiansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy L.","family":"Lash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sean","family":"Hennessy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony A.","family":"Matthews","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 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