{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T11:55:36Z","timestamp":1791633336387,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"American Medical Association (AMA)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAMA Intern Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]]},"abstract":"\n Importance<\/jats:title>\n Tai chi is a type of exercise recommended for knee osteoarthritis, but access to in-person tai chi can be limited.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n To evaluate the effects of an unsupervised multimodal online tai chi intervention on knee pain and function for people with knee osteoarthritis.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Design, Setting, and Participants<\/jats:title>\n The RETREAT study was a 2-group superiority randomized clinical trial enrolling participants who met clinical criteria for knee osteoarthritis in Australian communities from August 2023 and November 2024.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Interventions<\/jats:title>\n \n Participants in the control group received access to a purpose-built website containing information about osteoarthritis and exercise benefits. Participants in the intervention group received the\n My Joint Tai Chi<\/jats:italic>\n intervention comprising access to the same website plus tai chi information, a 12-week unsupervised video-based Yang-style tai chi program, and encouragement to use an app to facilitate program adherence.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Main Outcomes and Measures<\/jats:title>\n Changes in knee pain during walking (Numeric Rating Scale; range 0-10 with higher scores indicating greater pain) and difficulty with physical function (Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index; range 0-68 with higher scores indicating greater dysfunction) during 12 weeks. Secondary outcomes included another knee pain measure, sport and recreation function, quality of life, physical and mental well-being, fear of movement, self-efficacy, balance confidence, positive activated affect, sleep quality, global improvement, and oral medication use.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Of 2106 patients screened, 178 met inclusion criteria and were randomized, 89 (mean [SD] age, 61.0 [8.7] years; 66 female [74%] and 23 [26%] male participants) to the control group and 89 (mean [SD] age, 62.1 [7.3] years; 59 [66%] female and 30 male [34%] participants) to the tai chi intervention. Of the total, 170 (96%) completed both of the primary outcomes at 12 weeks. The tai chi group reported greater improvements in knee pain (control, \u22121.3; tai chi, \u22122.7; mean difference, \u22121.4 [95% CI, \u22122.1 to \u22120.7] units;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.001) and function (control, \u22126.9; tai chi, \u221212.0; mean difference, \u22125.6 [95% CI, \u22129.0 to \u22122.3] units;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.001) compared to the control group. More participants in the tai chi than in the control group achieved a minimal clinically important difference in pain (73% vs 47%; risk difference, 0.3; 95% CI, 0.1 to 0.4;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.001) and function (72% vs 52%; risk difference, 0.2; 95% CI, 0.1 to 0.3;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009.007). Between-group differences for most secondary outcomes favored tai chi, including another knee pain measure, sport and recreation function, quality of life, physical and mental well-being, global improvement, pain self-efficacy, and balance confidence. No associated serious adverse events were reported.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions and Relevance<\/jats:title>\n This randomized clinical trial found that this unsupervised multimodal online tai chi intervention improved knee pain and function compared with the control at 12 weeks. This free-to-access web-based intervention offers an effective, safe, accessible, and scalable option for guideline-recommended osteoarthritis exercise.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Trial Registration<\/jats:title>\n \n ANZCTR Identifier:\n ACTRN12623000780651<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2025.5723","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T15:31:04Z","timestamp":1761579064000},"page":"15","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Online Unsupervised Tai Chi Intervention for Knee Pain and Function in People With Knee Osteoarthritis"],"prefix":"10.1001","volume":"186","author":[{"given":"Shiyi Julia","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Health, Exercise and Sports Medicine, Department of Physiotherapy, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rana 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