{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T14:07:09Z","timestamp":1786975629091,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"American Medical Association (AMA)","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAMA Netw Open"],"DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2019.14745","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,13]],"date-time":"2019-11-13T11:31:38Z","timestamp":1573644698000},"page":"e1914745","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":66,"title":["Demographic Characteristics of Participants in Rheumatoid Arthritis Randomized Clinical Trials"],"prefix":"10.1001","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Adrienne","family":"Strait","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francine","family":"Castillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonam","family":"Choden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, University of California San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, University of California, San Francisco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evans","family":"Whitaker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Library, University of California, San Francisco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Titilola","family":"Falasinnu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriela","family":"Schmajuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, University of California San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco"},{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, University of California, San Francisco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinoos","family":"Yazdany","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, University of California, San Francisco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,13]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"zoi190569r2","first-page":"602","article-title":"A pilot study to determine whether disability and disease activity are different in African-American and Caucasian patients with rheumatoid arthritis in St. Louis, Missouri, USA.","volume":"32","author":"Iren","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"9","key":"zoi190569r3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1238","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.20525","article-title":"Racial and ethnic disparities in disease activity and function among persons with rheumatoid arthritis from university-affiliated clinics.","volume":"63","author":"Barton","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)"},{"issue":"7","key":"zoi190569r4","first-page":"1475","article-title":"Health status disparities in ethnic minority patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a cross-sectional study.","volume":"34","author":"Bruce","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"12","key":"zoi190569r5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2013.09.002","article-title":"Racial and ethnic disparities in disease activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.","volume":"126","author":"Greenberg","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"zoi190569r6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1551","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-017-3726-1","article-title":"Prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis in the United States adult population in healthcare claims databases, 2004-2014.","volume":"37","author":"Hunter","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"issue":"3","key":"zoi190569r7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1002\/art.30155","article-title":"The lifetime risk of adult-onset rheumatoid arthritis and other inflammatory autoimmune rheumatic diseases.","volume":"63","author":"Crowson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"1","key":"zoi190569r8","first-page":"R7","article-title":"Women, men, and rheumatoid arthritis: analyses of disease activity, disease characteristics, and treatments in the QUEST-RA study.","volume":"11","author":"Sokka","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"issue":"7","key":"zoi190569r9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1316","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-204627","article-title":"The global burden of rheumatoid arthritis: estimates from the global burden of disease 2010 study.","volume":"73","author":"Cross","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"zoi190569r13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.21641","article-title":"2012 Update of the 2008 American College of Rheumatology recommendations for the use of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs and biologic agents in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.","volume":"64","author":"Singh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)"},{"issue":"6","key":"zoi190569r14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"960","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2016-210715","article-title":"EULAR recommendations for the management of rheumatoid arthritis with synthetic and biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs: 2016 update.","volume":"76","author":"Smolen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"10","key":"zoi190569r15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keg354","article-title":"Ethnic differences in responses to disease modifying drugs.","volume":"42","author":"Helliwell","year":"2003","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"issue":"4","key":"zoi190569r17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1007\/s11926-018-0728-2","article-title":"The Representation of gender and race\/ethnic groups in randomized clinical trials of individuals with systemic lupus erythematosus.","volume":"20","author":"Falasinnu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Rheumatol Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"zoi190569r20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1002\/(ISSN)1529-0131","article-title":"Estimates of the prevalence of arthritis and other rheumatic conditions in the United States: part I.","volume":"58","author":"Helmick","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"22","key":"zoi190569r21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2720","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.291.22.2720","article-title":"Participation in cancer clinical trials: race-, sex-, and age-based disparities.","volume":"291","author":"Murthy","year":"2004","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"1","key":"zoi190569r22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2013.03.022","article-title":"Reporting and representation of ethnic minorities in cardiovascular trials: a systematic review.","volume":"166","author":"Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"issue":"1","key":"zoi190569r23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1080\/10550490802408522","article-title":"The inclusion of women and minorities in smoking cessation clinical trials: a systematic review.","volume":"18","author":"Dickerson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Addict"},{"issue":"6","key":"zoi190569r24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2018.10.017","article-title":"Applicability of trials in rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of trial populations showing adequate proportion of women, but underrepresentation of elderly people.","volume":"48","author":"Palmowski","year":"2019","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"11","key":"zoi190569r25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1417","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1992.03490110055029","article-title":"The exclusion of the elderly and women from clinical trials in acute myocardial infarction.","volume":"268","author":"Gurwitz","year":"1992","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"6","key":"zoi190569r26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.286.6.708","article-title":"Representation of elderly persons and women in published randomized trials of acute coronary syndromes.","volume":"286","author":"Lee","year":"2001","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"1","key":"zoi190569r27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.18549\/PharmPract.2016.01.708","article-title":"Women\u2019s involvement in clinical trials: historical perspective and future implications.","volume":"14","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pharm Pract (Granada)"},{"issue":"10","key":"zoi190569r28","first-page":"630","article-title":"Why African Americans may not be participating in clinical trials.","volume":"88","author":"Harris","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Natl Med Assoc"},{"issue":"3","key":"zoi190569r29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1097\/MLR.0b013e31818af829","article-title":"Racial disparities in treatment preferences for rheumatoid arthritis.","volume":"47","author":"Constantinescu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"issue":"4","key":"zoi190569r30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1002\/art.v61:4","article-title":"Understanding why rheumatoid arthritis patient treatment preferences differ by race.","volume":"61","author":"Constantinescu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"1","key":"zoi190569r31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.2017-0687","article-title":"Characterization of comorbidities limiting the recruitment of patients in early phase clinical trials.","volume":"24","author":"Duma","year":"2019","journal-title":"Oncologist"},{"key":"zoi190569r33","first-page":"A149","article-title":"200 Efficacy and safety of belimumab in patients of black race with systemic lupus erythematosus: results from the EMBRACE study.","volume":"6","author":"D\u2019Cruz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lupus Sci Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"zoi190569r34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2007.03.013","article-title":"Participation rates in epidemiologic studies.","volume":"17","author":"Galea","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann Epidemiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"zoi190569r35","first-page":"105","article-title":"Polytherapy and drug interactions in elderly.","volume":"7","author":"Gujjarlamudi","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Midlife Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"zoi190569r36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.2165\/00003088-199835010-00004","article-title":"Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic changes in the elderly: clinical implications.","volume":"35","author":"H\u00e4mmerlein","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacokinet"},{"key":"zoi190569r1","unstructured":"National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases. Who gets rheumatoid arthritis?https:\/\/www.niams.nih.gov\/health-topics\/rheumatoid-arthritis\/advanced#tab-risk. Updated April 30, 2017. Accessed August 4, 2018."},{"key":"zoi190569r10","unstructured":"National Institutes of Health. NIH Policy and Guidelines on the Inclusion of Women and Minorities as Subjects in Clinical Research. https:\/\/grants.nih.gov\/grants\/funding\/women_min\/guidelines.htm. Updated December 6, 2017. Accessed August 12, 2018."},{"key":"zoi190569r11","unstructured":"National Institutes of Health. Amendment: NIH Policy and Guidelines on the Inclusion of Women and Minorities as Subjects in Clinical Research. https:\/\/grants.nih.gov\/grants\/guide\/notice-files\/NOT-OD-18-014.html. Published November 28, 2017. Accessed August 12, 2018."},{"key":"zoi190569r12","unstructured":"National Library of Medicine. ClinicalTrials.gov. https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/. Accessed September 25, 2019."},{"key":"zoi190569r16","unstructured":"Department of Health and Human Services. Human Subject Regulations Decision Charts. https:\/\/www.hhs.gov\/ohrp\/regulations-and-policy\/decision-charts\/index.html#c1. Updated February 16, 2016. Accessed September 29, 2019."},{"key":"zoi190569r18","unstructured":"US Census Bureau. Race and ethnicity. https:\/\/www.census.gov\/mso\/www\/training\/pdf\/race-ethnicity-onepager.pdf. Published January 2017. Accessed June 20, 2018."},{"key":"zoi190569r19","unstructured":"US Census Bureau. Quick Facts. https:\/\/www.census.gov\/quickfacts\/fact\/table\/US\/PST045218. Accessed July 2, 2018."},{"key":"zoi190569r32","unstructured":"Food and Drug Administration. Collection of race and ethnicity data in clinical trials. https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/regulatory-information\/search-fda-guidance-documents\/collection-race-and-ethnicity-data-clinical-trials. Updated October 2016. Accessed August 30, 2019."},{"key":"zoi190569r37","unstructured":"National Institutes of Health. Revision: NIH Policy and Guidelines on the Inclusion of Individuals Across the Lifespan as Participants in Research Involving Human Subjects. Published December 19, 2017. https:\/\/grants.nih.gov\/grants\/guide\/notice-files\/NOT-OD-18-116.html. Accessed August 2, 2018."}],"container-title":["JAMA Network Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jamanetworkopen\/articlepdf\/2755305\/strait_2019_oi_190569.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,13]],"date-time":"2019-11-13T11:31:48Z","timestamp":1573644708000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jamanetworkopen\/fullarticle\/2755305"}},"subtitle":["A Systematic Review"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,13]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2019.14745","relation":{},"ISSN":["2574-3805"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2574-3805","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,13]]}}}