{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T20:09:33Z","timestamp":1780085373587,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"American Medical Association (AMA)","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAMA Netw Open"],"DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.10700","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,17]],"date-time":"2020-07-17T19:52:47Z","timestamp":1595015567000},"page":"e2010700","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Prevalence of Clinical Signs Within Reference Ranges Among Hospitalized Patients Prescribed Antibiotics for Pneumonia"],"prefix":"10.1001","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Michael","family":"Klompas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aileen","family":"Ochoa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenjing","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University School of Pharmacy, Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"McKenna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roger","family":"Clark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women\u2019s Faulkner Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erica S.","family":"Shenoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infection Control Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Hooper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infection Control Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chanu","family":"Rhee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"for the CDC Prevention Epicenters Program","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,17]]},"reference":[{"issue":"14","key":"zoi200422r1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1438","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.12923","article-title":"Prevalence of antimicrobial use in US acute care hospitals, May-September 2011.","volume":"312","author":"Magill","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"3","key":"zoi200422r2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2018.03.038","article-title":"Results from the third Scottish National Prevalence Survey: is a population health approach now needed to prevent healthcare-associated infections?","volume":"99","author":"Cairns","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"issue":"17","key":"zoi200422r3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1440","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1997.03550170070035","article-title":"Does this patient have community-acquired pneumonia? diagnosing pneumonia by history and physical examination.","volume":"278","author":"Metlay","year":"1997","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"14","key":"zoi200422r4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1583","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.297.14.1583","article-title":"Does this patient have ventilator-associated pneumonia?","volume":"297","author":"Klompas","year":"2007","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"6","key":"zoi200422r5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1111\/his.2005.47.issue-6","article-title":"Discrepancies between clinical and autopsy diagnosis and the value of post mortem histology; a meta-analysis and review.","volume":"47","author":"Roulson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"issue":"1","key":"zoi200422r6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2009.05.008","article-title":"Accuracy of clinical definitions of ventilator-associated pneumonia: comparison with autopsy findings.","volume":"25","author":"Tejerina","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Crit Care"},{"issue":"9811","key":"zoi200422r7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)61483-9","article-title":"Post-mortem imaging as an alternative to autopsy in the diagnosis of adult deaths: a validation study.","volume":"379","author":"Roberts","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"23","key":"zoi200422r8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2729","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1994.00420230122014","article-title":"Interobserver variability in the interpretation of chest roentgenograms of patients with possible pneumonia.","volume":"154","author":"Young","year":"1994","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"zoi200422r9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.110.2.343","article-title":"Interobserver reliability of the chest radiograph in community-acquired pneumonia.","volume":"110","author":"Albaum","year":"1996","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"8","key":"zoi200422r10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crad.2004.01.011","article-title":"Inter-observer variation in the interpretation of chest radiographs for pneumonia in community-acquired lower respiratory tract infections.","volume":"59","author":"Hopstaken","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Radiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"zoi200422r11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2004.03.029","article-title":"Patients admitted to hospital with suspected pneumonia and normal chest radiographs: epidemiology, microbiology, and outcomes.","volume":"117","author":"Basi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"zoi200422r12","first-page":"194","article-title":"Vital signs: improving antibiotic use among hospitalized patients.","volume":"63","author":"Fridkin","year":"2014","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"issue":"8","key":"zoi200422r13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201501-0017OC","article-title":"Early chest computed tomography scan to assist diagnosis and guide treatment decision for suspected community-acquired pneumonia.","volume":"192","author":"Claessens","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"zoi200422r14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2016-209405","article-title":"Adults miscoded and misdiagnosed as having pneumonia: results from the British Thoracic Society pneumonia audit.","volume":"72","author":"Daniel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"3","key":"zoi200422r15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.7326\/M18-3640","article-title":"Excess antibiotic treatment duration and adverse events in patients hospitalized with pneumonia: a multihospital cohort study.","volume":"171","author":"Vaughn","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"zoi200422r16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S27","DOI":"10.1086\/511159","article-title":"Infectious Diseases Society of America\/American Thoracic Society consensus guidelines on the management of community-acquired pneumonia in adults.","volume":"44","author":"Mandell","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"7","key":"zoi200422r17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e45","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201908-1581ST","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of adults with community-acquired pneumonia: an official clinical practice guideline of the American Thoracic Society and Infectious Diseases Society of America.","volume":"200","author":"Metlay","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"zoi200422r18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e61","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw353","article-title":"Management of adults with hospital-acquired and ventilator-associated pneumonia: 2016 Clinical Practice Guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America and the American Thoracic Society.","volume":"63","author":"Kalil","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"16","key":"zoi200422r19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1525","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2009.259","article-title":"Guideline-concordant therapy and reduced mortality and length of stay in adults with community-acquired pneumonia: playing by the rules.","volume":"169","author":"McCabe","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"zoi200422r20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1333","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cix986","article-title":"Duration of antibiotic use among adults with uncomplicated community-acquired pneumonia requiring hospitalization in the United States.","volume":"66","author":"Yi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2, pt 1","key":"zoi200422r21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.162.2.9909095","article-title":"Short-course empiric antibiotic therapy for patients with pulmonary infiltrates in the intensive care unit: a proposed solution for indiscriminate antibiotic prescription.","volume":"162","author":"Singh","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"7554","key":"zoi200422r22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1355","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.332.7554.1355","article-title":"Effectiveness of discontinuing antibiotic treatment after three days versus eight days in mild to moderate-severe community acquired pneumonia: randomised, double blind study.","volume":"332","author":"el Moussaoui","year":"2006","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"5","key":"zoi200422r24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9681(87)90171-8","article-title":"A new method of classifying prognostic comorbidity in longitudinal studies: development and validation.","volume":"40","author":"Charlson","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Chronic Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"zoi200422r25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-199801000-00004","article-title":"Comorbidity measures for use with administrative data.","volume":"36","author":"Elixhauser","year":"1998","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"issue":"8","key":"zoi200422r26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.v22.8","article-title":"Natural language processing to identify pneumonia from radiology reports.","volume":"22","author":"Dublin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf"},{"issue":"12","key":"zoi200422r27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1220","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(14)70952-1","article-title":"Assessment of empirical antibiotic therapy optimisation in six hospitals: an observational cohort study.","volume":"14","author":"Braykov","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"zoi200422r28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2015.11.013","article-title":"Diagnosis and features of hospital-acquired pneumonia: a retrospective cohort study.","volume":"92","author":"Russell","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"issue":"1","key":"zoi200422r29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afv168","article-title":"Hospital-acquired pneumonia incidence and diagnosis in older patients.","volume":"45","author":"Burton","year":"2016","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"issue":"14","key":"zoi200422r30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1433","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.12179","article-title":"Antibiotics for sepsis\u2014finding the equilibrium.","volume":"320","author":"Klompas","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"4","key":"zoi200422r31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201809-646PS","article-title":"Improving sepsis treatment by embracing diagnostic uncertainty.","volume":"16","author":"Prescott","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Am Thorac Soc"},{"issue":"23","key":"zoi200422r32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2235","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1703058","article-title":"Time to treatment and mortality during mandated emergency care for sepsis.","volume":"376","author":"Seymour","year":"2017","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"zoi200422r33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201609-1848OC","article-title":"The timing of early antibiotics and hospital mortality in sepsis.","volume":"196","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"zoi200422r34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(17)30469-1","article-title":"Prehospital antibiotics in the ambulance for sepsis: a multicentre, open label, randomised trial.","volume":"6","author":"Alam","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"zoi200422r35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-132-8-200004180-00004","article-title":"Invasive and noninvasive strategies for management of suspected ventilator-associated pneumonia: a randomized trial.","volume":"132","author":"Fagon","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"zoi200422r36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1097\/00128594-200301000-00003","article-title":"Bronchoscopically guided management of ventilator-associated pneumonia in trauma patients.","volume":"10","author":"Baker","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Bronchology"},{"issue":"10","key":"zoi200422r37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(12)70151-2","article-title":"Aggressive versus conservative initiation of antimicrobial treatment in critically ill surgical patients with suspected intensive-care-unit-acquired infection: a quasi-experimental, before and after observational cohort study.","volume":"12","author":"Hranjec","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"zoi200422r38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.7196\/SAMJ.2016.v106i2.9870","article-title":"Empirical antimicrobial therapy for probable v. directed therapy for possible ventilator-associated pneumonia in critically injured patients.","volume":"106","author":"Ramsamy","year":"2016","journal-title":"S Afr Med J"},{"issue":"1","key":"zoi200422r39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(17)30592-3","article-title":"Effect of procalcitonin-guided antibiotic treatment on mortality in acute respiratory infections: a patient level meta-analysis.","volume":"18","author":"Schuetz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"8","key":"zoi200422r40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-008424","article-title":"Accuracy of administrative data for surveillance of healthcare-associated infections: a systematic review.","volume":"5","author":"van Mourik","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"zoi200422r23","author":"Dinh","year":"2018"}],"container-title":["JAMA Network Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jamanetworkopen\/articlepdf\/2768346\/klompas_2020_oi_200422.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,17]],"date-time":"2020-07-17T19:52:50Z","timestamp":1595015570000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jamanetworkopen\/fullarticle\/2768346"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,17]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.10700","relation":{},"ISSN":["2574-3805"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2574-3805","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,17]]}}}