{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T18:11:48Z","timestamp":1790187108091,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"American Medical Association (AMA)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAMA Netw Open"],"DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.37047","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,11]],"date-time":"2021-02-11T02:08:14Z","timestamp":1613009294000},"page":"e2037047","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Association of Temporary Financial Assistance With Housing Stability Among US Veterans in the Supportive Services for Veteran Families Program"],"prefix":"10.1001","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Richard E.","family":"Nelson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Informatics, Decision-Enhancement and Analytic Sciences (IDEAS) Center, Veterans Affairs (VA) Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, Utah"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City"},{"name":"VA National Center on Homelessness Among Veterans, Washington, DC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas H.","family":"Byrne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VA National Center on Homelessness Among Veterans, Washington, DC"},{"name":"Boston University School of Social Work, Boston, Massachusetts"},{"name":"Center for Healthcare Organization and Implementation Research, Bedford VA Medical Center, Bedford, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Suo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Informatics, Decision-Enhancement and Analytic Sciences (IDEAS) Center, Veterans Affairs (VA) Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, Utah"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Cook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Informatics, Decision-Enhancement and Analytic Sciences (IDEAS) Center, Veterans Affairs (VA) Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, Utah"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Warren","family":"Pettey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Informatics, Decision-Enhancement and Analytic Sciences (IDEAS) Center, Veterans Affairs (VA) Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, Utah"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adi V.","family":"Gundlapalli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Informatics, Decision-Enhancement and Analytic Sciences (IDEAS) Center, Veterans Affairs (VA) Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, Utah"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tom","family":"Greene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City"},{"name":"Department of Population Health Science, The University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lillian","family":"Gelberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles"},{"name":"VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan G.","family":"Kertesz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VA National Center on Homelessness Among Veterans, Washington, DC"},{"name":"Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jack","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VA National Center on Homelessness Among Veterans, Washington, DC"},{"name":"The University of Texas Health Sciences Center School of Public Health, San Antonio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ann Elizabeth","family":"Montgomery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VA National Center on Homelessness Among Veterans, Washington, DC"},{"name":"Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama"},{"name":"Department of Health Behavior, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Public Health, Birmingham"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,10]]},"reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"zoi201103r1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(12)70177-9","article-title":"Prevalence of tuberculosis, hepatitis C virus, and HIV in homeless people: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"12","author":"Beijer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"zoi201103r2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-011-1848-9","article-title":"Geriatric syndromes in older homeless adults.","volume":"27","author":"Brown","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"zoi201103r4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1097\/01.FCH.0000336090.37280.2e","article-title":"Modifiable cardiovascular risk factors among individuals in low socioeconomic communities and homeless shelters.","volume":"31","author":"Kim","year":"2008","journal-title":"Fam Community Health"},{"issue":"20","key":"zoi201103r5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2629","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.104.510826","article-title":"Risk factors for cardiovascular disease in homeless adults.","volume":"111","author":"Lee","year":"2005","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"12","key":"zoi201103r6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0050225","article-title":"The prevalence of mental disorders among the homeless in western countries: systematic review and meta-regression analysis.","volume":"5","author":"Fazel","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"zoi201103r7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-12-1059","article-title":"Traumatic brain injury among people who are homeless: a systematic review.","volume":"12","author":"Topolovec-Vranic","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"2-3","key":"zoi201103r8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2011.03.016","article-title":"Substance use and predictors of substance dependence in homeless women.","volume":"118","author":"Torchalla","year":"2011","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"issue":"9953","key":"zoi201103r10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1529","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61132-6","article-title":"The health of homeless people in high-income countries: descriptive epidemiology, health consequences, and clinical and policy recommendations.","volume":"384","author":"Fazel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"5","key":"zoi201103r11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199408043310506","article-title":"Mortality in a cohort of homeless adults in Philadelphia.","volume":"331","author":"Hibbs","year":"1994","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"zoi201103r12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyp160","article-title":"Homelessness as an independent risk factor for mortality: results from a retrospective cohort study.","volume":"38","author":"Morrison","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"16","key":"zoi201103r13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2152","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.283.16.2152","article-title":"Mortality among men using homeless shelters in Toronto, Ontario.","volume":"283","author":"Hwang","year":"2000","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"zoi201103r15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-11-638","article-title":"Effectiveness of interventions to improve the health and housing status of homeless people: a rapid systematic review.","volume":"11","author":"Fitzpatrick-Lewis","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"7","key":"zoi201103r16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1482","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2014.302539","article-title":"Health outcomes of obtaining housing among older homeless adults.","volume":"105","author":"Brown","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"zoi201103r17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-009-9643-x","article-title":"Randomized trial of the effects of housing assistance on the health and risk behaviors of homeless and unstably housed people living with HIV.","volume":"14","author":"Wolitski","year":"2010","journal-title":"AIDS Behav"},{"issue":"9","key":"zoi201103r18","article-title":"How did a Housing First intervention improve health and social outcomes among homeless adults with mental illness in Toronto? two-year outcomes from a randomised trial.","volume":"6","author":"O\u2019Campo","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"4","key":"zoi201103r19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1080\/10511482.2017.1282885","article-title":"Do local economic conditions affect homelessness? impact of area housing market factors, unemployment, and poverty on community homeless rates.","volume":"27","author":"Hanratty","year":"2017","journal-title":"Housing Policy Debate."},{"issue":"2","key":"zoi201103r20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.90.2.258","article-title":"Risk factors for homelessness among indigent urban adults with no history of psychotic illness: a case-control study.","volume":"90","author":"Caton","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"zoi201103r21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1176\/ps.2009.60.4.465","article-title":"Risk factors for homelessness: evidence from a population-based study.","volume":"60","author":"Shelton","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychiatr Serv"},{"issue":"1","key":"zoi201103r22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1353\/hpu.0.0237","article-title":"Risk factors for homelessness among women veterans.","volume":"21","author":"Washington","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Health Care Poor Underserved"},{"issue":"2","key":"zoi201103r23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.162.2.370","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors for homelessness and utilization of mental health services among 10,340 patients with serious mental illness in a large public mental health system.","volume":"162","author":"Folsom","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"zoi201103r24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1111\/ajad.2011.20.issue-5","article-title":"Association of substance use and VA service\u2013connected disability benefits with risk of homelessness among veterans.","volume":"20","author":"Edens","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Addict"},{"issue":"9","key":"zoi201103r25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1007\/s001270050256","article-title":"Risk factors for homelessness among people with psychotic disorders.","volume":"35","author":"Odell","year":"2000","journal-title":"Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"zoi201103r26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-147-8-200710160-00010-w1","article-title":"Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE): explanation and elaboration.","volume":"147","author":"Vandenbroucke","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"zoi201103r28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1080\/10511482.2015.1060249","article-title":"Predictors of homelessness among families and single adults after exit from homelessness prevention and rapid re-housing programs: evidence from the Department of Veterans Affairs Supportive Services for Veteran Families program.","volume":"26","author":"Byrne","year":"2015","journal-title":"Housing Policy Debate."},{"issue":"10","key":"zoi201103r29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1753","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2005.063321","article-title":"Risk factors for long-term homelessness: findings from a longitudinal study of first-time homeless single adults.","volume":"95","author":"Caton","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"zoi201103r30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1037\/ser0000083","article-title":"One-year incidence and predictors of homelessness among 300,000 U.S. veterans seen in specialty mental health care.","volume":"14","author":"Tsai","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychol Serv"},{"issue":"5","key":"zoi201103r31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9681(87)90171-8","article-title":"A new method of classifying prognostic comorbidity in longitudinal studies: development and validation.","volume":"40","author":"Charlson","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Chronic Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"zoi201103r32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.7326\/M16-2671","article-title":"Safety-net hospitals, neighborhood disadvantage, and readmissions under Maryland\u2019s all-payer program: an observational study.","volume":"171","author":"Jencks","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"zoi201103r33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.7326\/M13-2946","article-title":"Neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage and 30-day rehospitalization: a retrospective cohort study.","volume":"161","author":"Kind","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"zoi201103r34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1080\/00273171.2011.568786","article-title":"An introduction to propensity score methods for reducing the effects of confounding in observational studies.","volume":"46","author":"Austin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Multivariate Behav Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"zoi201103r35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-200009000-00012","article-title":"Marginal structural models to estimate the causal effect of zidovudine on the survival of HIV-positive men.","volume":"11","author":"Hern\u00e1n","year":"2000","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"issue":"12","key":"zoi201103r36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1689","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.v21:12","article-title":"Estimating the causal effect of zidovudine on CD4 count with a marginal structural model for repeated measures.","volume":"21","author":"Hern\u00e1n","year":"2002","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"zoi201103r37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1002\/(ISSN)1097-0258","article-title":"A comparison of the ability of different propensity score models to balance measured variables between treated and untreated subjects: a Monte Carlo study.","volume":"26","author":"Austin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"zoi201103r38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1890","DOI":"10.1111\/hesr.2018.53.issue-3","article-title":"Two-stage residual inclusion estimation in health services research and health economics.","volume":"53","author":"Terza","year":"2018","journal-title":"Health Serv Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"zoi201103r39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"962","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyu029","article-title":"Estimating predicted probabilities from logistic regression: different methods correspond to different target populations.","volume":"43","author":"Muller","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"28","key":"zoi201103r40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3661","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.v34.28","article-title":"Moving towards best practice when using inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) using the propensity score to estimate causal treatment effects in observational studies.","volume":"34","author":"Austin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"zoi201103r41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.2307\/2171753","article-title":"Instrumental variables regression with weak instruments.","volume":"65","author":"Staiger","year":"1997","journal-title":"Econometrica."},{"issue":"6","key":"zoi201103r43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1080\/10511482.2017.1313292","article-title":"Homelessness interventions in Georgia: rapid re-housing, transitional housing, and the likelihood of returning to shelter.","volume":"27","author":"Rodriguez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Housing Policy Debate."},{"issue":"9","key":"zoi201103r47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2315","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-019-02461-4","article-title":"A randomized controlled trial of a rapid re-housing intervention for homeless persons living with HIV\/AIDS: impact on housing and HIV medical outcomes.","volume":"23","author":"Towe","year":"2019","journal-title":"AIDS Behav"},{"issue":"1","key":"zoi201103r48","first-page":"317","article-title":"The HEARTH Act.","volume":"15","author":"Berg","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cityscape."},{"issue":"2","key":"zoi201103r49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1080\/10511482.2010.536246","article-title":"A prevention-centered approach to homelessness assistance: a paradigm shift?","volume":"21","author":"Culhane","year":"2011","journal-title":"Housing Policy Debate"},{"issue":"6300","key":"zoi201103r51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aag0833","article-title":"The impact of homelessness prevention programs on homelessness.","volume":"353","author":"Evans","year":"2016","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"7","key":"zoi201103r52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.2004.029496","article-title":"Estimating causal effects from epidemiological data.","volume":"60","author":"Hern\u00e1n","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Community Health"},{"key":"zoi201103r14","volume-title":"Permanent Supportive Housing:","year":"2018"},{"key":"zoi201103r45","volume-title":"Family Options Study: Short-term Impacts of Housing and Services Interventions for Homeless Families.","author":"Gubits","year":"2015"},{"key":"zoi201103r46","volume-title":"Family Options Study: 3-Year Impacts of Housing and Services Interventions for Homeless Families.","author":"Gubits","year":"2016"},{"key":"zoi201103r3","unstructured":"Byrd? B. The emerging crisis of aged homelessness: what can be done to help? Health Affairs blog. February 27, 2020. Accessed July 1, 2020. https:\/\/www.healthaffairs.org\/do\/10.1377\/hblog20200226.712105\/full\/"},{"key":"zoi201103r9","unstructured":"Deloitte Centre for Health Solutions. Healthcare for the homeless: homelessness is bad for your health. June 2012. Accessed July 1, 2020. https:\/\/www2.deloitte.com\/uk\/en\/pages\/life-sciences-and-healthcare\/articles\/healthcare-for-the-homeless.html"},{"key":"zoi201103r27","unstructured":"US Department of Housing and Urban Development.? Homeless Management Information System. Accessed June 23, 2020. https:\/\/www.hudexchange.info\/programs\/hmis"},{"key":"zoi201103r42","unstructured":"Taylor? J. Housing Assistance for Households Experiencing Homelessness. Dissertation. The New School; 2014."},{"key":"zoi201103r44","unstructured":"Shah? MF, Liu? Q, Patton? D, Felver? B. Impact of housing assistance on outcomes for homeless families: an evaluation of the Ending Family Homelessness Pilot. August 2015. Accessed July 15, 2020. https:\/\/www.dshs.wa.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/rda\/reports\/research-11-219.pdf"},{"key":"zoi201103r50","unstructured":"US Department of Housing and Urban Development. Annual Homeless Assessment Report to Congress, part 1: point-in-time estimates of homelessness. January 2020. Accessed November 15, 2020. https:\/\/www.huduser.gov\/portal\/sites\/default\/files\/pdf\/2019-AHAR-Part-1.pdf"}],"container-title":["JAMA Network Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jamanetworkopen\/articlepdf\/2776100\/nelson_2021_oi_201103_1612193531.89807.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,11]],"date-time":"2021-02-11T02:08:43Z","timestamp":1613009323000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jamanetworkopen\/fullarticle\/2776100"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,10]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.37047","relation":{},"ISSN":["2574-3805"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2574-3805","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,10]]}}}