{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T03:52:30Z","timestamp":1788234750664,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"American Medical Association (AMA)","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAMA Netw Open"],"DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.8516","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,20]],"date-time":"2020-07-20T16:08:13Z","timestamp":1595261293000},"page":"e208516","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Critical Illness Secondary to Synthetic Cannabinoid Ingestion"],"prefix":"10.1001","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Ismini","family":"Kourouni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Morningside and Mount Sinai West Hospitals, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York"},{"name":"Now at Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, MetroHealth Hospital Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bashar","family":"Mourad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Morningside and Mount Sinai West Hospitals, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York"},{"name":"Now at Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, New York University, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hassan","family":"Khouli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Morningside and Mount Sinai West Hospitals, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York"},{"name":"Now at Department of Critical Care Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janet M.","family":"Shapiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Morningside and Mount Sinai West Hospitals, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York"},{"name":"Now at Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Mount Sinai Morningside and Mount Sinai West Hospitals, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph P.","family":"Mathew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Morningside and Mount Sinai West Hospitals, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York"},{"name":"Now at Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Mount Sinai Morningside and Mount Sinai West Hospitals, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,20]]},"reference":[{"issue":"27","key":"zoi200362r1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6527a2","article-title":"Acute poisonings from synthetic cannabinoids: 50 U.S. Toxicology Investigators Consortium Registry Sites, 2010-2015.","volume":"65","author":"Riederer","year":"2016","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"issue":"22","key":"zoi200362r2","first-page":"618","article-title":"Notes from the field: increase in reported adverse health effects related to synthetic cannabinoid use\u2014United States, January\u2013May.","volume":"64","author":"Law","year":"2015","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"zoi200362r4","first-page":"53","article-title":"Pharmacology, toxicology, and adverse effects of synthetic cannabinoid drugs.","volume":"26","author":"Gurney","year":"2014","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Rev"},{"issue":"8","key":"zoi200362r5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/bkt068","article-title":"Toxicological findings of synthetic cannabinoids in recreational users.","volume":"37","author":"Kronstrand","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Anal Toxicol"},{"issue":"1","key":"zoi200362r6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3109\/15563650.2015.1110590","article-title":"A systematic review of adverse events arising from the use of synthetic cannabinoids and their associated treatment.","volume":"54","author":"Tait","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Toxicol (Phila)"},{"issue":"1-3","key":"zoi200362r7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2013.10.002","article-title":"Forensic investigation of K2, spice, and \u201cbath salt\u201d commercial preparations: a three-year study of new designer drug products containing synthetic cannabinoid, stimulant, and hallucinogenic compounds.","volume":"233","author":"Seely","year":"2013","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Int"},{"issue":"8","key":"zoi200362r8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1097\/FBP.0000000000000093","article-title":"?9-Tetrahydrocannabinol-like discriminative stimulus effects of compounds commonly found in K2\/Spice.","volume":"25","author":"Gatch","year":"2014","journal-title":"Behav Pharmacol"},{"issue":"5","key":"zoi200362r9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1097\/FBP.0000000000000150","article-title":"?9-Tetrahydrocannabinol-like effects of novel synthetic cannabinoids found on the gray market.","volume":"26","author":"Gatch","year":"2015","journal-title":"Behav Pharmacol"},{"key":"zoi200362r10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2014.08.005","article-title":"Synthetic cannabinoids: epidemiology, pharmacodynamics, and clinical implications.","volume":"144","author":"Castaneto","year":"2014","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"issue":"2","key":"zoi200362r11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp1505328","article-title":"Synthetic cannabinoid-related illnesses and deaths.","volume":"373","author":"Trecki","year":"2015","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"zoi200362r12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.3109\/15563650.2015.1101769","article-title":"Differential physiological and behavioral cues observed in individuals smoking botanical marijuana versus synthetic cannabinoid drugs.","volume":"54","author":"Chase","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Toxicol (Phila)"},{"issue":"27","key":"zoi200362r13","first-page":"464","article-title":"Withdrawal phenomena and dependence syndrome after the consumption of \u201cspice gold\u201d.","volume":"106","author":"Zimmermann","year":"2009","journal-title":"Dtsch Aerztebl Int"},{"issue":"5","key":"zoi200362r14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-016-0694-1","article-title":"Adverse effects of synthetic cannabinoids: management of acute toxicity and withdrawal.","volume":"18","author":"Cooper","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Psychiatry Rep"},{"issue":"5","key":"zoi200362r15","first-page":"125","article-title":"Top 10 facts you should know: synthetic cannabinoids\u2014not so nice spice.","volume":"56","author":"Kemp","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Miss State Med Assoc"},{"issue":"3","key":"zoi200362r16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1610300","article-title":"\u201cZombie\u201d outbreak caused by the synthetic cannabinoid AMB-FUBINACA in New York.","volume":"376","author":"Adams","year":"2017","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"zoi200362r17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1663","DOI":"10.1039\/C6TX00259E","article-title":"Synthetic cannabinoid, JWH-030, induces QT prolongation through hERG channel inhibition.","volume":"5","author":"Yun","year":"2016","journal-title":"Toxicol Res (Camb)"},{"issue":"1","key":"zoi200362r18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S163","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0706406","article-title":"Cannabinoid pharmacology: the first 66 years.","volume":"147","author":"Pertwee","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"zoi200362r20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-3084(02)00149-4","article-title":"Distinct cannabinoid sensitive receptors regulate hippocampal excitation and inhibition.","volume":"121","author":"H\u00e1jos","year":"2002","journal-title":"Chem Phys Lipids"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"zoi200362r21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(02)03055-X","article-title":"?(9)-Tetrahydrocannabinol decreases extracellular GABA and increases extracellular glutamate and dopamine levels in the rat prefrontal cortex: an in vivo microdialysis study.","volume":"948","author":"Pistis","year":"2002","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"zoi200362r22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1111\/add.2013.108.issue-3","article-title":"Acute toxicity due to the confirmed consumption of synthetic cannabinoids: clinical and laboratory findings.","volume":"108","author":"Hermanns-Clausen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"issue":"10","key":"zoi200362r23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2011.11010176","article-title":"Psychosis associated with synthetic cannabinoid agonists: a case series.","volume":"168","author":"Hurst","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"zoi200362r24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc1313655","article-title":"An outbreak of exposure to a novel synthetic cannabinoid.","volume":"370","author":"Monte","year":"2014","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"zoi200362r25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1622","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2010-3823","article-title":"Myocardial infarction associated with use of the synthetic cannabinoid K2.","volume":"128","author":"Mir","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"3","key":"zoi200362r26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"757.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.06.001","article-title":"Myocardial ischemia secondary to synthetic cannabinoid (K2) use in pediatric patients.","volume":"167","author":"Clark","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"4","key":"zoi200362r27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240A","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2016.08.253","article-title":"K2 synthetic cannabinoid causing reversible global cerebral edema: a case report.","volume":"150","author":"Kourouni","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"9","key":"zoi200362r28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.3109\/15563650.2014.958614","article-title":"A case of acute cerebral ischemia following inhalation of a synthetic cannabinoid.","volume":"52","author":"Takematsu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Toxicol (Phila)"},{"issue":"4","key":"zoi200362r29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1248A","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2016.08.1361","article-title":"Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage due to K2 inhalation.","volume":"150","author":"Adelman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"4","key":"zoi200362r30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.14.13138","article-title":"Pulmonary effects of synthetic marijuana: chest radiography and CT findings.","volume":"204","author":"Berkowitz","year":"2015","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"46","key":"zoi200362r31","first-page":"939","article-title":"Notes from the field: severe illness associated with synthetic cannabinoid use\u2014Brunswick, Georgia, 2013.","volume":"62","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2013","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"issue":"4","key":"zoi200362r32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.05690612","article-title":"AKI associated with synthetic cannabinoids: a case series.","volume":"8","author":"Bhanushali","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"zoi200362r33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2014.12.055","article-title":"Determination and identification of synthetic cannabinoids and their metabolites in different matrices by modern analytical techniques: a review.","volume":"874","author":"Znaleziona","year":"2015","journal-title":"Anal Chim Acta"},{"issue":"5","key":"zoi200362r34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.5811\/westjem.2013.1.14496","article-title":"Emergency physicians\u2019 knowledge of cannabinoid designer drugs.","volume":"14","author":"Lank","year":"2013","journal-title":"West J Emerg Med"},{"key":"zoi200362r3","unstructured":"National Institute on Drug Abuse. Synthetic cannabinoids (K2\/spice) unpredictable danger. Published October 5, 2017. Accessed April 8, 2020. https:\/\/www.drugabuse.gov\/related-topics\/trends-statistics\/infographics\/synthetic-cannabinoids-k2spice-unpredictable-danger"},{"key":"zoi200362r19","unstructured":"Drug Enforcement Administration, Department of Justice. US Drug Enforcement Administration Office of Diversion Control. Schedules of controlled substances: temporary placement of three synthetic cannabinoids into Schedule I. 21 C.F.R. Part 1308 (2015). Published January 27, 2017. Accessed April 8, 2020. https:\/\/www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov\/fed_regs\/rules\/2017\/fr0127.htm"}],"container-title":["JAMA Network Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jamanetworkopen\/articlepdf\/2768373\/kourouni_2020_oi_200362.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,26]],"date-time":"2021-03-26T02:30:50Z","timestamp":1616725850000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jamanetworkopen\/fullarticle\/2768373"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,20]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.8516","relation":{},"ISSN":["2574-3805"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2574-3805","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,20]]}}}