{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T14:24:51Z","timestamp":1791296691720,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"American Medical Association (AMA)","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAMA Netw Open"],"DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.22692","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,26]],"date-time":"2021-08-26T11:37:14Z","timestamp":1629977834000},"page":"e2122692","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":102,"title":["Characterization of HIV Preexposure Prophylaxis Use Behaviors and HIV Incidence Among US Adults in an Integrated Health Care System"],"prefix":"10.1001","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"J. Carlo","family":"Hojilla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland"},{"name":"Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leo B.","family":"Hurley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia L.","family":"Marcus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts"},{"name":"Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Silverberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacek","family":"Skarbinski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Kaiser Permanente Oakland Medical Center, Oakland, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Derek D.","family":"Satre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland"},{"name":"Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan E.","family":"Volk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Adult and Family Medicine, Kaiser Permanente San Francisco Medical Center, San Francisco, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,26]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"zoi210671r2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1007\/s11904-010-0043-7","article-title":"Epidemiology of HIV among injecting and non-injecting drug users: current trends and implications for interventions.","volume":"7","author":"Strathdee","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr HIV\/AIDS Rep"},{"issue":"22","key":"zoi210671r3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2214","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.2591","article-title":"Preexposure prophylaxis for the prevention of HIV infection: evidence report and systematic review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.","volume":"321","author":"Chou","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"12","key":"zoi210671r4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.1917","article-title":"HIV preexposure prophylaxis: a review.","volume":"319","author":"Riddell","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"9","key":"zoi210671r5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.1343","article-title":"Ending the HIV epidemic: a plan for the United States.","volume":"321","author":"Fauci","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"10","key":"zoi210671r6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1590","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/civ664","article-title":"Applying a PrEP continuum of care for men who have sex with men in Atlanta, Georgia.","volume":"61","author":"Kelley","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"zoi210671r7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000001385","article-title":"Defining the HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis care continuum.","volume":"31","author":"Nunn","year":"2017","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"issue":"10","key":"zoi210671r8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1768","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cix593","article-title":"Redefining Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) preexposure prophylaxis failures.","volume":"65","author":"Marcus","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"zoi210671r9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-019-02654-x","article-title":"PrEP implementation and persistence in a county health department setting in Atlanta, GA.","volume":"23","author":"Rolle","year":"2019","journal-title":"AIDS Behav"},{"issue":"4","key":"zoi210671r10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1096","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-017-2009-x","article-title":"HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) uptake and retention among men who have sex with men in a community-based sexual health clinic.","volume":"22","author":"Hojilla","year":"2018","journal-title":"AIDS Behav."},{"issue":"1","key":"zoi210671r11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20903","DOI":"10.7448\/IAS.19.1.20903","article-title":"Retention in care outcomes for HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis implementation programmes among men who have sex with men in three US cities.","volume":"19","author":"Chan","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Int AIDS Soc"},{"issue":"8","key":"zoi210671r12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/jia2.25385","article-title":"Long-term retention in pre-exposure prophylaxis care among men who have sex with men and transgender women in the United States.","volume":"22","author":"Chan","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Int AIDS Soc"},{"issue":"2","key":"zoi210671r13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/jia2.25252","article-title":"Persistence on HIV preexposure prophylaxis medication over a 2-year period among a national sample of 7148 PrEP users, United States, 2015 to 2017.","volume":"22","author":"Coy","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Int AIDS Soc"},{"issue":"3","key":"zoi210671r14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciz894","article-title":"Pre-exposure prophylaxis uptake and discontinuation among young black men who have sex with men in Atlanta, Georgia: a prospective cohort study.","volume":"71","author":"Serota","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis."},{"issue":"4","key":"zoi210671r15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.7312","article-title":"Trends in HIV preexposure prophylaxis prescribing in the United States, 2012-2018.","volume":"324","author":"Song","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"10","key":"zoi210671r17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1601","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/civ778","article-title":"No new HIV infections with increasing use of HIV preexposure prophylaxis in a clinical practice setting.","volume":"61","author":"Volk","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"zoi210671r18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000001129","article-title":"Preexposure prophylaxis for HIV prevention in a large integrated health care system: adherence, renal safety, and discontinuation.","volume":"73","author":"Marcus","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"issue":"6","key":"zoi210671r20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1007\/s11524-006-9094-x","article-title":"The development of a standardized neighborhood deprivation index.","volume":"83","author":"Messer","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Urban Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"zoi210671r21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000001972","article-title":"Brief report: cocaine use and pre-exposure prophylaxis: adherence, care engagement, and kidney function.","volume":"81","author":"Hojilla","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"issue":"3","key":"zoi210671r22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/jia2.25103","article-title":"Skating on thin ice: stimulant use and sub-optimal adherence to HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis.","volume":"21","author":"Hojilla","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Int AIDS Soc"},{"issue":"3","key":"zoi210671r23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2010.06.014","article-title":"A systematic review of the impact of alcohol use disorders on HIV treatment outcomes, adherence to antiretroviral therapy and health care utilization.","volume":"112","author":"Azar","year":"2010","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"issue":"17","key":"zoi210671r24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2337","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e3283319184","article-title":"HIV infection and the risk of cancers with and without a known infectious cause.","volume":"23","author":"Silverberg","year":"2009","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"issue":"3","key":"zoi210671r26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2015.302979","article-title":"Young people and HIV: a call to action.","volume":"106","author":"Koenig","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"issue":"41","key":"zoi210671r27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6741a3","article-title":"HIV preexposure prophylaxis, by race and ethnicity\u2014United States, 2014-2016.","volume":"67","author":"Huang","year":"2018","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"issue":"12","key":"zoi210671r28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2018.06.009","article-title":"Trends in the use of oral emtricitabine\/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate for pre-exposure prophylaxis against HIV infection, United States, 2012-2017.","volume":"28","author":"Sullivan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Epidemiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"zoi210671r29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2018.05.003","article-title":"Estimates of adults with indications for HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis by jurisdiction, transmission risk group, and race\/ethnicity, United States, 2015.","volume":"28","author":"Smith","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Epidemiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"zoi210671r30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000001165","article-title":"Brief report: the right people, right places, and right practices: disparities in PrEP access among African American men, women, and MSM in the Deep South.","volume":"74","author":"Elopre","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"issue":"5","key":"zoi210671r31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1778","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-020-01295-0","article-title":"Barriers to the wider use of pre-exposure prophylaxis in the United States: a narrative review.","volume":"37","author":"Mayer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv Ther"},{"issue":"5","key":"zoi210671r32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1080\/09540121.2018.1533238","article-title":"Barriers to preexposure prophylaxis use among individuals with recently acquired HIV infection in Northern California.","volume":"31","author":"Marcus","year":"2019","journal-title":"AIDS Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"zoi210671r33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2019.305389","article-title":"Is insurance a barrier to HIV preexposure prophylaxis: clarifying the issue.","volume":"110","author":"Kay","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"zoi210671r34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e195042","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2019.5042","article-title":"New USPSTF guidelines for HIV screening and preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP): straight A\u2019s.","volume":"2","author":"Walensky","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"2","key":"zoi210671r35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1089\/apc.2014.0142","article-title":"Knowledge, attitudes, and likelihood of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) use among US women at risk of acquiring HIV.","volume":"29","author":"Auerbach","year":"2015","journal-title":"AIDS Patient Care STDS"},{"key":"zoi210671r36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/2325958219900091","article-title":"Women\u2019s decision-making about PrEP for HIV prevention in drug treatment contexts.","volume":"19","author":"Qin","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Int Assoc Provid AIDS Care"},{"issue":"2","key":"zoi210671r37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-013-0560-7","article-title":"How acceptable are antiretrovirals for the prevention of sexually transmitted HIV: a review of research on the acceptability of oral pre-exposure prophylaxis and treatment as prevention.","volume":"18","author":"Young","year":"2014","journal-title":"AIDS Behav"},{"issue":"7","key":"zoi210671r38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000000622","article-title":"State-level structural sexual stigma and HIV prevention in a national online sample of HIV-uninfected MSM in the United States.","volume":"29","author":"Oldenburg","year":"2015","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"issue":"2","key":"zoi210671r39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1007\/s11904-018-0385-0","article-title":"PrEP stigma: implicit and explicit drivers of disparity.","volume":"15","author":"Golub","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr HIV\/AIDS Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"zoi210671r40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-013-0208-8","article-title":"Sexual partnerships and considerations for HIV antiretroviral pre-exposure prophylaxis utilization among high-risk substance using men who have sex with men.","volume":"43","author":"Mimiaga","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arch Sex Behav"},{"issue":"7(Suppl 6)","key":"zoi210671r41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21107","DOI":"10.7448\/IAS.19.7.21107","article-title":"Preventing HIV among adolescents with oral PrEP: observations and challenges in the United States and South Africa.","volume":"19","author":"Hosek","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Int AIDS Soc"},{"issue":"1","key":"zoi210671r42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-019-1429-2","article-title":"PrEP awareness, uptake, barriers, and correlates among adolescents assigned male at birth who have sex with males in the U.S.","volume":"49","author":"Macapagal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arch Sex Behav"},{"issue":"3","key":"zoi210671r43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciz896","article-title":"Pre-exposure prophylaxis persistence is a critical issue in PrEP implementation.","volume":"71","author":"Spinelli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"10","key":"zoi210671r44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e721","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(20)30203-4","article-title":"Initiation, discontinuation, and restarting HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis: ongoing implementation strategies.","volume":"7","author":"Rutstein","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet HIV"},{"issue":"3","key":"zoi210671r45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa037","article-title":"Persistence with human immunodeficiency virus pre-exposure prophylaxis in the United States, 2012-2017.","volume":"72","author":"Huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"zoi210671r46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2015.4683","article-title":"Preexposure prophylaxis for HIV infection integrated with municipal- and community-based sexual health services.","volume":"176","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"zoi210671r47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000002186","article-title":"Brief report: incidence of HIV in a nationwide cohort receiving pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV prevention.","volume":"82","author":"Van Epps","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"issue":"9","key":"zoi210671r48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e402","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(17)30089-9","article-title":"Efficacy, safety, and effect on sexual behaviour of on-demand pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV in men who have sex with men: an observational cohort study.","volume":"4","author":"Molina","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet HIV"},{"issue":"10","key":"zoi210671r49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e688","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(19)30137-7","article-title":"Use of electronic health record data and machine learning to identify candidates for HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis: a modelling study.","volume":"6","author":"Marcus","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet HIV"},{"issue":"10","key":"zoi210671r50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e696","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(19)30139-0","article-title":"Development and validation of an automated HIV prediction algorithm to identify candidates for pre-exposure prophylaxis: a modelling study.","volume":"6","author":"Krakower","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet HIV"},{"issue":"10","key":"zoi210671r51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2004.04.002","article-title":"A time-to-prescription-refill measure of antiretroviral adherence predicted changes in viral load in HIV.","volume":"57","author":"Grossberg","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"issue":"9","key":"zoi210671r52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-199909000-00002","article-title":"Validation of patient reports, automated pharmacy records, and pill counts with electronic monitoring of adherence to antihypertensive therapy.","volume":"37","author":"Choo","year":"1999","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"issue":"12","key":"zoi210671r53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1258\/0956462042563666","article-title":"Pharmacy-based assessment of adherence to HAART predicts virologic and immunologic treatment response and clinical progression to AIDS and death.","volume":"15","author":"Kitahata","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int J STD AIDS"},{"issue":"10","key":"zoi210671r54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2710","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa474","article-title":"Early adopters of event-driven Human Immunodeficiency Virus pre-exposure prophylaxis in a large healthcare system in San Francisco.","volume":"71","author":"Hojilla","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"zoi210671r1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. HIV surveillance report: diagnoses of HIV infection in the United States and dependent areas, 2018. Accessed October 31, 2020. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/hiv\/pdf\/library\/reports\/surveillance\/cdc-hiv-surveillance-report-2018-updated-vol-31.pdf"},{"key":"zoi210671r16","unstructured":"Gordon? NP. Similarity of adult Kaiser Permanente members to the adult population in Kaiser Permanente\u2019s Northern California service area: comparisons based on the 2017\/2018 cycle of the California Health Interview Survey. Accessed June 2, 2021. https:\/\/divisionofresearch.kaiserpermanente.org\/projects\/memberhealthsurvey\/SiteCollectionDocuments\/compare_kp_ncal_chis2017-18.pdf"},{"key":"zoi210671r19","unstructured":"CDC statement on FDA approval of drug for HIV prevention. News release. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; July 16, 2012. Accessed September 28, 2020. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchhstp\/newsroom\/2012\/fda-approvesdrugstatement.html"},{"key":"zoi210671r25","unstructured":"Gould? W; StataCorp. Failure time, censoring time, and entry time in the Cox Model. Accessed December 1, 2020. https:\/\/www.stata.com\/support\/faqs\/statistics\/time-and-cox-model\/"},{"key":"zoi210671r55","unstructured":"Cothran? J. The private insurance market in California, 2015. California Health Care Foundation. April 27, 2017. Accessed January 10, 2021. https:\/\/www.chcf.org\/publication\/the-private-insurance-market-in-california-2015\/"}],"container-title":["JAMA Network Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jamanetworkopen\/articlepdf\/2783509\/hojilla_2021_oi_210671_1629379861.45434.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,26]],"date-time":"2021-08-26T11:37:25Z","timestamp":1629977845000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jamanetworkopen\/fullarticle\/2783509"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,26]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,2]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.22692","relation":{},"ISSN":["2574-3805"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2574-3805","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,26]]}}}