{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T05:16:07Z","timestamp":1790226967455,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"American Medical Association (AMA)","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAMA Netw Open"],"DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.35168","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,18]],"date-time":"2021-11-18T16:29:53Z","timestamp":1637252993000},"page":"e2135168","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Association of Combined Slow Gait and Low Activity Fragmentation With Later Onset of Cognitive Impairment"],"prefix":"10.1001","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Qu","family":"Tian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Gerontology Branch Longitudinal Studies Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie A.","family":"Studenski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Gerontology Branch Longitudinal Studies Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland"},{"name":"Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"An","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pei-Lun","family":"Kuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Gerontology Branch Longitudinal Studies Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer A.","family":"Schrack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland"},{"name":"Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amal A.","family":"Wanigatunga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eleanor M.","family":"Simonsick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Gerontology Branch Longitudinal Studies Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan M.","family":"Resnick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luigi","family":"Ferrucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Gerontology Branch Longitudinal Studies Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,18]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"zoi210991r1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2015.12.092","article-title":"Poor gait performance and prediction of dementia: results from a meta-analysis.","volume":"17","author":"Beauchet","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"issue":"24","key":"zoi210991r2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1946","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e318259e1de","article-title":"In-home walking speeds and variability trajectories associated with mild cognitive impairment.","volume":"78","author":"Dodge","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"5","key":"zoi210991r3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1586\/ern.11.57","article-title":"Loss of motor function in preclinical Alzheimer\u2019s disease.","volume":"11","author":"Buchman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Expert Rev Neurother"},{"key":"zoi210991r4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2019.110783","article-title":"Gait speed as predictor of transition into cognitive impairment: findings from three longitudinal studies on aging.","volume":"129","author":"Hoogendijk","year":"2020","journal-title":"Exp Gerontol"},{"issue":"2","key":"zoi210991r5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-015-0392-6","article-title":"Gait speed or gait variability, which one to use as a marker of risk to develop Alzheimer disease? a pilot study.","volume":"28","author":"Gillain","year":"2016","journal-title":"Aging Clin Exp Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"zoi210991r6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000004153","article-title":"Slowing gait and risk for cognitive impairment: the hippocampus as a shared neural substrate.","volume":"89","author":"Rosso","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"8","key":"zoi210991r7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"980","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurol.2010.159","article-title":"The trajectory of gait speed preceding mild cognitive impairment.","volume":"67","author":"Buracchio","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"issue":"3","key":"zoi210991r8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glu176","article-title":"Multisystem physiologic impairments and changes in gait speed of older adults.","volume":"70","author":"Rosso","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"zoi210991r9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.12568","article-title":"Muscle strength mediates the relationship between mitochondrial energetics and walking performance.","volume":"16","author":"Zane","year":"2017","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"issue":"3","key":"zoi210991r10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.2011.59.issue-3","article-title":"High blood pressure accelerates gait slowing in well-functioning older adults over 18-years of follow-up.","volume":"59","author":"Rosano","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"issue":"9","key":"zoi210991r11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glp075","article-title":"A novel aging phenotype of slow gait, impaired executive function, and depressive symptoms: relationship to blood pressure and other cardiovascular risks.","volume":"64","author":"Hajjar","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"issue":"11","key":"zoi210991r12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3235","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000002182","article-title":"Walking speed, risk factors, and cardiovascular events in older adults\u2014systematic review.","volume":"31","author":"Fonseca Alves","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"issue":"11","key":"zoi210991r13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2018.06.007","article-title":"Association between gait speed with mortality, cardiovascular disease and cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies.","volume":"19","author":"Veronese","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"issue":"1","key":"zoi210991r14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(03)00258-0","article-title":"Comorbidity of somatic chronic diseases and decline in physical functioning: the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam.","volume":"57","author":"Kriegsman","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"issue":"9","key":"zoi210991r15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1676","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.15341","article-title":"Motor and cognitive trajectories before dementia: results from gait and brain study.","volume":"66","author":"Montero-Odasso","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"issue":"2","key":"zoi210991r16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2019.21636","article-title":"Association of dual decline in memory and gait speed with risk for dementia among adults older than 60 years: a multicohort individual-level meta-analysis.","volume":"3","author":"Tian","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"2","key":"zoi210991r18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.112.2.259","article-title":"Psychological compensation: a theoretical framework.","volume":"112","author":"B\u00e4ckman","year":"1992","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"issue":"3","key":"zoi210991r19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1177\/1533317517753361","article-title":"Compensation strategies in older adults: association with cognition and everyday function.","volume":"33","author":"Tomaszewski Farias","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen"},{"issue":"8","key":"zoi210991r20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1037\/neu0000591","article-title":"Compensatory strategy use improves real-world functional performance in community dwelling older adults.","volume":"33","author":"Weakley","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuropsychology"},{"issue":"7","key":"zoi210991r21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.34.7.939","article-title":"Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer\u2019s disease: report of the NINCDS-ADRDA Work Group under the auspices of Department of Health and Human Services Task Force on Alzheimer\u2019s Disease.","volume":"34","author":"McKhann","year":"1984","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"zoi210991r23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610297004717","article-title":"Aging, memory, and mild cognitive impairment.","volume":"9","author":"Petersen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Int Psychogeriatr"},{"issue":"4","key":"zoi210991r25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/gly243","article-title":"Active-to-sedentary behavior transitions, fatigability, and physical functioning in older adults.","volume":"74","author":"Schrack","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"zoi210991r30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1111\/(ISSN)1532-5415","article-title":"Meaningful change and responsiveness in common physical performance measures in older adults.","volume":"54","author":"Perera","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"issue":"3","key":"zoi210991r31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1037\/0882-7974.22.3.632","article-title":"Mild memory deficits differentially affect 6-year changes in compensatory strategy use.","volume":"22","author":"Dixon","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychol Aging"},{"issue":"1","key":"zoi210991r32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/58.1.P12","article-title":"Use of memory compensation strategies is related to psychosocial and health indicators.","volume":"58","author":"de Frias","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"zoi210991r33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1080\/13825585.2015.1132669","article-title":"Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses of everyday memory lapses in older adults.","volume":"23","author":"McAlister","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuropsychol Dev Cogn B Aging Neuropsychol Cogn"},{"issue":"2","key":"zoi210991r34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1080\/07317115.2019.1633574","article-title":"A combined treatment approach to support everyday function and promote brain health in older adults: a pilot study.","volume":"43","author":"Denny","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Gerontol"},{"key":"zoi210991r35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7525-2-52","article-title":"Ability to perform activities of daily living is the main factor affecting quality of life in patients with dementia.","volume":"2","author":"Andersen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Health Qual Life Outcomes"},{"issue":"1","key":"zoi210991r36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2014.04.514","article-title":"At the interface of sensory and motor dysfunctions and Alzheimer\u2019s disease.","volume":"11","author":"Albers","year":"2015","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"issue":"8","key":"zoi210991r37","first-page":"1067","article-title":"Olfaction is related to motor function in older adults.","volume":"72","author":"Tian","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"zoi210991r38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2020.10.002","article-title":"Cognitive and neuroimaging profiles of older adults with dual decline in memory and gait speed.","volume":"97","author":"Tian","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"key":"zoi210991r39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2021.111288","article-title":"Associations between activity fragmentation and subjective memory complaints in middle-aged and older adults.","volume":"148","author":"Del Pozo Cruz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Exp Gerontol"},{"issue":"10","key":"zoi210991r40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2019.12352","article-title":"Association of total daily physical activity and fragmented physical activity with mortality in older adults.","volume":"2","author":"Wanigatunga","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"zoi210991r17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-62539-5.00031-X","volume-title":"Braddom's Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation.","author":"Hsieh","year":"2021","edition":"6th ed."},{"key":"zoi210991r22","volume-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"1987","edition":"3rd ed, revised"},{"key":"zoi210991r26","volume-title":"Purdue Pegboard Examiner Manual.","author":"Tiffin","year":"1968"},{"key":"zoi210991r27","volume-title":"WAIS-R Manual: Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale\u2013Revised.","author":"Wechsler","year":"1981"},{"key":"zoi210991r28","volume-title":"Trail Making Test: Manual for Administration and Scoring","author":"Reitan","year":"1992"},{"key":"zoi210991r29","author":"Lezak","year":"1995"},{"key":"zoi210991r24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Di? J, Leroux? A, Urbanek? J, . Patterns of sedentary and active time accumulation are associated with mortality in US adults: the NHANES study.? bioRxiv. Preprint posted online August 31, 2017. doi:10.1101\/182337","DOI":"10.1101\/182337"}],"container-title":["JAMA Network Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jamanetworkopen\/articlepdf\/2786293\/tian_2021_oi_210991_1636570180.53468.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,18]],"date-time":"2021-11-18T16:30:03Z","timestamp":1637253003000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jamanetworkopen\/fullarticle\/2786293"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,18]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.35168","relation":{},"ISSN":["2574-3805"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2574-3805","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,18]]}}}