{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T07:30:08Z","timestamp":1778916608990,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"American Medical Association (AMA)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAMA Netw Open"],"DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.0935","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,3]],"date-time":"2022-03-03T11:33:34Z","timestamp":1646307214000},"page":"e220935","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Assessment of Clinical Effectiveness of BNT162b2 COVID-19 Vaccine in US Adolescents"],"prefix":"10.1001","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Carlos R.","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Section of Infectious Diseases and Global Health, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut"},{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Section of Health Informatics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Linda M.","family":"Niccolai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hassan","family":"Sheikha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Section of Infectious Diseases and Global Health, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lina","family":"Elmansy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Section of Infectious Diseases and Global Health, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chaney C.","family":"Kalinich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nathan D.","family":"Grubaugh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut"},{"name":"Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eugene D.","family":"Shapiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Section of Infectious Diseases and Global Health, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Yale SARS-CoV-2 Genomic Surveillance Initiative","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kendall","family":"Billig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Yale SARS-CoV-2 Genomic Surveillance Initiative"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mallery I.","family":"Breban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Yale SARS-CoV-2 Genomic Surveillance Initiative"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anderson","family":"Brito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Yale SARS-CoV-2 Genomic Surveillance Initiative"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Earnest","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Yale SARS-CoV-2 Genomic Surveillance Initiative"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joseph R.","family":"Fauver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Yale SARS-CoV-2 Genomic Surveillance Initiative"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tobias","family":"Koch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Yale SARS-CoV-2 Genomic Surveillance Initiative"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Isabel","family":"Ott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Yale SARS-CoV-2 Genomic Surveillance Initiative"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mary","family":"Petrone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Yale SARS-CoV-2 Genomic Surveillance Initiative"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chantal B.F.","family":"Vogels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Yale SARS-CoV-2 Genomic Surveillance Initiative"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kien","family":"Pham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Yale SARS-CoV-2 Genomic Surveillance Initiative"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Irina","family":"Tikhonova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Yale SARS-CoV-2 Genomic Surveillance Initiative"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Castaldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Yale SARS-CoV-2 Genomic Surveillance Initiative"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shrikant","family":"Mane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Yale SARS-CoV-2 Genomic Surveillance Initiative"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kaya","family":"Bilguvar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Yale SARS-CoV-2 Genomic Surveillance Initiative"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bony","family":"De Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Yale SARS-CoV-2 Genomic Surveillance Initiative"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Ferguson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Yale SARS-CoV-2 Genomic Surveillance Initiative"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicholas","family":"Kerantzas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Yale SARS-CoV-2 Genomic Surveillance Initiative"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marie","family":"Landry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Yale SARS-CoV-2 Genomic Surveillance Initiative"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Peaper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Yale SARS-CoV-2 Genomic Surveillance Initiative"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wade","family":"Schulz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Yale SARS-CoV-2 Genomic Surveillance Initiative"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,3]]},"reference":[{"issue":"36","key":"zoi220051r6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7036e2","article-title":"Hospitalizations associated with COVID-19 among children and adolescents\u2014COVID-NET, 14 states, March 1, 2020-August 14, 2021.","volume":"70","author":"Delahoy","year":"2021","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"issue":"50","key":"zoi220051r7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1922","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6950e2","article-title":"The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices\u2019 interim recommendation for use of Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine\u2014United States, December 2020.","volume":"69","author":"Oliver","year":"2020","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"issue":"20","key":"zoi220051r8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7020e1","article-title":"The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices\u2019 interim recommendation for use of Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine in adolescents aged 12-15 years\u2014United States, May 2021.","volume":"70","author":"Wallace","year":"2021","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"issue":"3","key":"zoi220051r9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2107456","article-title":"Safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of the BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine in adolescents.","volume":"385","author":"Frenck","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"zoi220051r10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1093\/jpids\/piu058","article-title":"Case-control studies to assess the effectiveness of vaccines.","volume":"3","author":"Shapiro","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc"},{"issue":"10287","key":"zoi220051r11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1819","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00947-8","article-title":"Impact and effectiveness of mRNA BNT162b2 vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 infections and COVID-19 cases, hospitalisations, and deaths following a nationwide vaccination campaign in Israel: an observational study using national surveillance data.","volume":"397","author":"Haas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"10309","key":"zoi220051r12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1407","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)02183-8","article-title":"Effectiveness of mRNA BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine up to 6 months in a large integrated health system in the USA: a retrospective cohort study.","volume":"398","author":"Tartof","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"10293","key":"zoi220051r13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2461","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)01358-1","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 Delta VOC in Scotland: demographics, risk of hospital admission, and vaccine effectiveness.","volume":"397","author":"Sheikh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"7","key":"zoi220051r15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2108891","article-title":"Effectiveness of COVID-19 Vaccines against the B.1.617.2 (Delta) variant.","volume":"385","author":"Lopez Bernal","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"24","key":"zoi220051r16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2114114","article-title":"Waning of BNT162b2 vaccine protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection in Qatar.","volume":"385","author":"Chemaitelly","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"zoi220051r17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7011e3","article-title":"Effectiveness of the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine among residents of two skilled nursing facilities experiencing COVID-19 outbreaks\u2014Connecticut, December 2020-February 2021.","volume":"70","author":"Britton","year":"2021","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"zoi220051r18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2104974","article-title":"Effectiveness of the BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine against the B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 variants.","volume":"385","author":"Abu-Raddad","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"35","key":"zoi220051r19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1206","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7035e1","article-title":"COVID-19 Vaccination coverage among adolescents aged 12-17 years\u2014United States, December 14, 2020-July 31, 2021.","volume":"70","author":"Murthy","year":"2021","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"issue":"28","key":"zoi220051r20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7028e1","article-title":"Acceptability of adolescent COVID-19 vaccination among adolescents and parents of adolescents\u2014United States, April 15-23, 2021.","volume":"70","author":"Scherer","year":"2021","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"issue":"5","key":"zoi220051r24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.3001236","article-title":"Multiplex qPCR discriminates variants of concern to enhance global surveillance of SARS-CoV-2.","volume":"19","author":"Vogels","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS Biol"},{"issue":"2","key":"zoi220051r25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/ve\/veab064","article-title":"Assignment of epidemiological lineages in an emerging pandemic using the pangolin tool.","volume":"7","author":"O\u2019Toole","year":"2021","journal-title":"Virus Evol"},{"issue":"25","key":"zoi220051r27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3083","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.3697","article-title":"Balance diagnostics for comparing the distribution of baseline covariates between treatment groups in propensity-score matched samples.","volume":"28","author":"Austin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"zoi220051r28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2007.02.009","article-title":"Methodological issues in design and analysis of a matched case-control study of a vaccine\u2019s effectiveness.","volume":"60","author":"Niccolai","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"zoi220051r29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1097\/01.inf.0000109248.32907.1d","article-title":"Case-control studies of the effectiveness of vaccines: validity and assessment of potential bias.","volume":"23","author":"Shapiro","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"issue":"21","key":"zoi220051r30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199111213252101","article-title":"The protective efficacy of polyvalent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine.","volume":"325","author":"Shapiro","year":"1991","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"zoi220051r31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.28391","article-title":"Coverage and estimated effectiveness of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines among US veterans.","volume":"4","author":"Young-Xu","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"25","key":"zoi220051r32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2106599","article-title":"Effectiveness of mRNA COVID-19 vaccine among U.S. health care personnel.","volume":"385","author":"Pilishvili","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"22","key":"zoi220051r33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2101","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2114290","article-title":"Effectiveness of BNT162b2 vaccine against Delta variant in adolescents.","volume":"385","author":"Reis","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"zoi220051r34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2107717","article-title":"Effect of vaccination on household transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in England.","volume":"385","author":"Harris","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"18","key":"zoi220051r35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1718","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2106757","article-title":"Effect of vaccination on transmission of SARS-CoV-2.","volume":"385","author":"Shah","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"zoi220051r36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.35057","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 transmission from people without COVID-19 symptoms.","volume":"4","author":"Johansson","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"10","key":"zoi220051r37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.28757","article-title":"Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 after COVID-19 screening and mitigation measures for primary school children attending school in Li\u00e8ge, Belgium.","volume":"4","author":"Meuris","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"8","key":"zoi220051r38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.2188\/jea.JE20180177","article-title":"Commentary: test-negative design reduces confounding by healthcare-seeking attitude in case-control studies.","volume":"29","author":"Ozasa","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"zoi220051r39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0000000000001366","article-title":"Theoretical framework for retrospective studies of the effectiveness of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.","volume":"32","author":"Lewnard","year":"2021","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"zoi220051r41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2020.11.016","article-title":"Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 clinical syndromes and predictors of disease severity in hospitalized children and youth.","volume":"230","author":"Fernandes","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"3","key":"zoi220051r42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1097\/MOP.0000000000001018","article-title":"The clinical epidemiology of coronavirus disease 2019 in children and adolescents mirrors the widening gap in healthcare disparities.","volume":"33","author":"Zirinsky","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pediatr"},{"key":"zoi220051r1","unstructured":"American Academy of Pediatrics and the Children\u2019s Hospital Association. Children and COVID-19: state data report: a joint report from the American Academy of Pediatrics and the Children\u2019s Hospital Association. October 7, 2021. Accessed October 11, 2021. https:\/\/downloads.aap.org\/AAP\/PDF\/AAP%20and%20CHA%20-%20Children%20and%20COVID-19%20State%20Data%20Report%2010.7%20FINAL.pdf"},{"key":"zoi220051r2","unstructured":"US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Influenza-associated pediatric mortality. Accessed October 11, 2021. https:\/\/gis.cdc.gov\/grasp\/fluview\/pedfludeath.html"},{"key":"zoi220051r3","unstructured":"US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. COVID data tracker. Accessed October 11, 2021. https:\/\/covid.cdc.gov\/covid-data-tracker\/#variant-proportions"},{"key":"zoi220051r4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Earnest? R, Uddin? R, Matluk? N, . Comparative transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2 variants Delta and Alpha in New England, USA.? medRxiv. Preprint posted online October 7, 2021. doi:10.1101\/2021.10.06.21264641","DOI":"10.1101\/2021.10.06.21264641"},{"key":"zoi220051r5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kissler? SF? Jr, Mack? C, Tai? CG, . Viral dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 variants in vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals.? medRxiv. Preprint posted online August 25, 2021. doi:10.1101\/2021.02.16.21251535","DOI":"10.1101\/2021.02.16.21251535"},{"key":"zoi220051r14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nasreen? S, He? S, Chung? H, . Effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines against variants of concern, Canada.? medRxiv. Preprint posted online September 30, 2021. doi:10.1101\/2021.06.28.21259420","DOI":"10.1101\/2021.06.28.21259420"},{"key":"zoi220051r21","unstructured":"Yale New Haven Health. Annual reports. Accessed October 11, 2021. https:\/\/www.ynhhs.org\/about\/annual-reports"},{"key":"zoi220051r22","unstructured":"Kolko? J. \u2018Normal America\u2019 is not a small town of White people. FiveThirtyEight. April 28, 2016. Accessed January 27, 2022. https:\/\/fivethirtyeight.com\/features\/normal-america-is-not-a-small-town-of-white-people\/"},{"key":"zoi220051r23","unstructured":"Connecticut SARS-CoV-2 variant surveillance. Accessed October 10, 2021. https:\/\/covidtrackerct.com\/variant-surveillance\/"},{"key":"zoi220051r26","unstructured":"State of Connecticut Department of Public Health. Executive Order No. 7A to address critical public health issues regarding COVID-19. Accessed February 2, 2022. https:\/\/portal.ct.gov\/-\/media\/Coronavirus\/20201207-DPH-Order-regarding-reporting-COVID-19-vaccinations.pdf"},{"key":"zoi220051r40","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Evaluation of COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness: interim guidance. Accessed December 28, 2021. https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/WHO-2019-nCoV-vaccine_effectiveness-measurement-2021.1"}],"container-title":["JAMA Network Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jamanetworkopen\/articlepdf\/2789579\/oliveira_2022_oi_220051_1645640201.24422.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,18]],"date-time":"2023-11-18T05:37:14Z","timestamp":1700285834000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jamanetworkopen\/fullarticle\/2789579"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,3]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.0935","relation":{},"ISSN":["2574-3805"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2574-3805","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,3]]}}}