{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T07:54:41Z","timestamp":1773042881124,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"American Medical Association (AMA)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAMA Netw Open"],"DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.11967","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,17]],"date-time":"2022-05-17T16:29:17Z","timestamp":1652804957000},"page":"e2211967","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Association of Congenital and Acquired Cardiovascular Conditions With COVID-19 Severity Among Pediatric Patients in the US"],"prefix":"10.1001","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Louis","family":"Ehwerhemuepha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Children\u2019s Health of Orange County, Orange, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bradley","family":"Roth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California-Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anita K.","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children\u2019s National Hospital System and George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Olivia","family":"Heutlinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California-Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carly","family":"Heffernan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California-Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonio C.","family":"Arrieta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children\u2019s Health of Orange County, Orange, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Terence","family":"Sanger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children\u2019s Health of Orange County, Orange, California"},{"name":"University of California-Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dan M.","family":"Cooper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California-Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Babak","family":"Shahbaba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California-Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anthony C.","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children\u2019s Health of Orange County, Orange, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Feaster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children\u2019s Health of Orange County, Orange, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sharief","family":"Taraman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children\u2019s Health of Orange County, Orange, California"},{"name":"University of California-Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroki","family":"Morizono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children\u2019s National Hospital System and George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Marano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children\u2019s Health of Orange County, Orange, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,17]]},"reference":[{"issue":"37","key":"zoi220357r2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1324","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6937e4","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2\u2013associated deaths among persons aged &lt;21 years\u2014United States, February 12\u2013July 31, 2020.","volume":"69","author":"Bixler","year":"2020","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"issue":"5","key":"zoi220357r3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-020-1065-5","article-title":"A literature review of 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV2) infection in neonates and children.","volume":"89","author":"Di Nardo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"zoi220357r4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0237131","article-title":"Impact of cardiovascular risk profile on COVID-19 outcome. A meta-analysis.","volume":"15","author":"Sabatino","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"7","key":"zoi220357r5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.120.016219","article-title":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and cardiovascular disease: a viewpoint on the potential influence of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors\/angiotensin receptor blockers on onset and severity of severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 infection.","volume":"9","author":"Guo","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"issue":"9","key":"zoi220357r6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-020-0413-9","article-title":"COVID-19 and cardiovascular disease: from basic mechanisms to clinical perspectives.","volume":"17","author":"Nishiga","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cardiol"},{"issue":"11","key":"zoi220357r7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1899","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2020.07.031","article-title":"Common cardiovascular risk factors and in-hospital mortality in 3,894 patients with COVID-19: survival analysis and machine learning-based findings from the multicentre Italian CORIST study.","volume":"30","author":"Di Castelnuovo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis"},{"key":"zoi220357r8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ibmed.2021.100030","article-title":"A super learner ensemble of 14 statistical learning models for predicting COVID-19 severity among patients with cardiovascular conditions.","volume":"5","author":"Ehwerhemuepha","year":"2021","journal-title":"Intell Based Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"zoi220357r9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1007\/s11748-020-01417-z","article-title":"Congenital heart disease in the era of COVID-19 pandemic.","volume":"69","author":"Giordano","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gen Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"zoi220357r10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1038\/s41371-020-0387-4","article-title":"Covid-19 and the cardiovascular system: a comprehensive review.","volume":"35","author":"Azevedo","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Hum Hypertens"},{"issue":"2","key":"zoi220357r11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaccao.2020.03.001","article-title":"The Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) threat for patients with cardiovascular disease and cancer.","volume":"2","author":"Ganatra","year":"2020","journal-title":"JACC CardioOncol"},{"issue":"5","key":"zoi220357r12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1007\/s13312-020-1816-8","article-title":"Radiographic and clinical features of children with Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pneumonia.","volume":"57","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Indian Pediatr"},{"issue":"5","key":"zoi220357r13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-020-0360-5","article-title":"COVID-19 and the cardiovascular system.","volume":"17","author":"Zheng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cardiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"zoi220357r14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1666","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvaa106","article-title":"COVID-19 and the cardiovascular system: implications for risk assessment, diagnosis, and treatment options.","volume":"116","author":"Guzik","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"zoi220357r15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1097\/CNQ.0000000000000323","article-title":"COVID-19 and the cardiovascular system.","volume":"43","author":"Veer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Crit Care Nurs Q"},{"issue":"20","key":"zoi220357r16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1648","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.046941","article-title":"COVID-19 and cardiovascular disease.","volume":"141","author":"Clerkin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"3","key":"zoi220357r17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2020.03.013","article-title":"Cardiovascular disease and COVID-19.","volume":"14","author":"Bansal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Syndr"},{"issue":"7","key":"zoi220357r18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-020-03699-0","article-title":"Children\u2019s heart and COVID-19: up-to-date evidence in the form of a systematic review.","volume":"179","author":"Sanna","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"key":"zoi220357r19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.11.163","article-title":"Severe COVID-19 infection and pediatric comorbidities: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"103","author":"Tsankov","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"zoi220357r20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.86.4.257","article-title":"Prevalence and secular trend of congenital anomalies in Glasgow, UK.","volume":"86","author":"Dastgiri","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"issue":"9715","key":"zoi220357r21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)61922-X","article-title":"20-year survival of children born with congenital anomalies: a population-based study.","volume":"375","author":"Tennant","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"6","key":"zoi220357r22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.116.309302","article-title":"Changing landscape of congenital heart disease.","volume":"120","author":"Bouma","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"issue":"14","key":"zoi220357r23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.120.020375","article-title":"Time trends in simple congenital heart disease over 39 years: a Danish nationwide study.","volume":"10","author":"El-Chouli","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"issue":"1","key":"zoi220357r24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14974","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-94138-z","article-title":"Long-term effects of malnutrition on severity of COVID-19.","volume":"11","author":"Kurtz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"zoi220357r25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1186\/s12911-020-01153-7","article-title":"HealtheDataLab - a cloud computing solution for data science and advanced analytics in healthcare with application to predicting multi-center pediatric readmissions.","volume":"20","author":"Ehwerhemuepha","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Med Inform Decis Mak"},{"key":"zoi220357r26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2018.11.010","article-title":"Significant mortality, morbidity and resource utilization associated with advanced heart failure in congenital heart disease in children and young adults.","volume":"209","author":"Burstein","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"issue":"10","key":"zoi220357r27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2020-318246","article-title":"Greater admissions, mortality and cost of heart failure in adults with congenital heart disease.","volume":"107","author":"Burstein","year":"2021","journal-title":"Heart"},{"issue":"1 Pt 2","key":"zoi220357r28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.106.S1.205","article-title":"Pediatric deaths attributable to complex chronic conditions: a population-based study of Washington State, 1980-1997.","volume":"106","author":"Feudtner","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"zoi220357r29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2431-14-199","article-title":"Pediatric complex chronic conditions classification system version 2: updated for ICD-10 and complex medical technology dependence and transplantation.","volume":"14","author":"Feudtner","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr"},{"key":"zoi220357r30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S153","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2012-0055I","article-title":"Standard 6: age groups for pediatric trials.","volume":"129","author":"Williams","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"25","key":"zoi220357r31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2451","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp2009575","article-title":"Severe Covid-19.","volume":"383","author":"Berlin","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"zoi220357r32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e215298","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.5298","article-title":"Characteristics and disease severity of US children and adolescents diagnosed with COVID-19.","volume":"4","author":"Preston","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"zoi220357r34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1111\/rssb.1995.57.issue-1","article-title":"Controlling the false discovery rate: a practical and powerful approach to multiple testing.","volume":"57","author":"Benjamini","year":"1995","journal-title":"J R Stat Soc B"},{"issue":"13","key":"zoi220357r35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2020-317706","article-title":"Mortality and morbidity in patients with congenital heart disease hospitalised for viral pneumonia.","volume":"107","author":"Diller","year":"2020","journal-title":"Heart"},{"issue":"1","key":"zoi220357r36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1007\/s40121-016-0142-x","article-title":"Defining the risk and associated morbidity and mortality of severe respiratory syncytial virus infection among infants with congenital heart disease.","volume":"6","author":"Checchia","year":"2017","journal-title":"Infect Dis Ther"},{"issue":"2","key":"zoi220357r37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-021-04216-7","article-title":"Risk factors for hospitalisation due to respiratory syncytial virus infection in children receiving prophylactic palivizumab.","volume":"181","author":"Chida-Nagai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"issue":"6","key":"zoi220357r38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000002271","article-title":"Burden of respiratory syncytial virus disease and mortality risk factors in Argentina: 18 years of active surveillance in a children\u2019s hospital.","volume":"38","author":"Gentile","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"issue":"5","key":"zoi220357r39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-020-04138-6","article-title":"COVID-19: angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) expression and tissue susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection.","volume":"40","author":"Beyerstedt","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"zoi220357r40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1017\/S1047951120003741","article-title":"COVID-19 and congenital heart disease: an insight of pathophysiology and associated risks.","volume":"31","author":"Haiduc","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cardiol Young"},{"issue":"6","key":"zoi220357r41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2111182","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.11182","article-title":"Underlying medical conditions associated with severe COVID-19 illness among children.","volume":"4","author":"Kompaniyets","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"7","key":"zoi220357r42","first-page":"567","article-title":"Analysis of myocardial injury in patients with COVID-19 and association between concomitant cardiovascular diseases and severity of COVID-19.","volume":"48","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Zhonghua Xin Xue Guan Bing Za Zhi"},{"key":"zoi220357r1","unstructured":"American Academy of Pediatrics. Children and COVID-19: state-level data report. 2021. Accessed March 23, 2022. https:\/\/www.aap.org\/en\/pages\/2019-novel-coronavirus-covid-19-infections\/children-and-covid-19-state-level-data-report\/"},{"key":"zoi220357r33","unstructured":"National Institutes of Health, COVID-19 Treatment Guidelines. Clinical spectrum of SARS-CoV-2 infection. October 19, 2021. Accessed December 15, 2021. https:\/\/www.covid19treatmentguidelines.nih.gov\/overview\/clinical-spectrum\/"}],"container-title":["JAMA Network Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jamanetworkopen\/articlepdf\/2792374\/ehwerhemuepha_2022_oi_220357_1651903773.92809.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,17]],"date-time":"2022-05-17T16:29:28Z","timestamp":1652804968000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jamanetworkopen\/fullarticle\/2792374"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,17]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,2]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.11967","relation":{},"ISSN":["2574-3805"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2574-3805","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,17]]}}}