{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T16:18:26Z","timestamp":1781885906386,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"American Medical Association (AMA)","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAMA Netw Open"],"DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.21616","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,13]],"date-time":"2022-07-13T11:21:31Z","timestamp":1657711291000},"page":"e2221616","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"title":["Long-term Immune Response to SARS-CoV-2 Infection Among Children and Adults After Mild Infection"],"prefix":"10.1001","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Costanza","family":"Di Chiara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department for Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Cantarutti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics and Quantitative Methods, Division of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Laboratory of Healthcare Research and Pharmacoepidemiology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paola","family":"Costenaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department for Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniele","family":"Don\u00e0","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department for Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Bonfante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Cosma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, University-Hospital of Padua, Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"Ferrarese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department for Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Cozzani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department for Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Raffaella","family":"Petrara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Section of Oncology and Immunology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Carmona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Oncologico Veneto - IRCCS, Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cecilia","family":"Liberati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department for Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Palma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit of Congenital and Perinatal Infections, Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Di Salvo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anita","family":"De Rossi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Section of Oncology and Immunology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy"},{"name":"Istituto Oncologico Veneto - IRCCS, Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Plebani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, University-Hospital of Padua, Padua, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Padoan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlo","family":"Giaquinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department for Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,13]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"zoi220615r1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.10044","article-title":"Effect of convalescent plasma therapy on time to clinical improvement in patients with severe and life-threatening COVID-19: a randomized clinical trial.","volume":"324","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"3","key":"zoi220615r2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xcrm.2020.100040","article-title":"Rapid generation of neutralizing antibody responses in COVID-19 patients.","volume":"1","author":"Suthar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Rep Med"},{"issue":"48","key":"zoi220615r3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.abc8413","article-title":"The receptor binding domain of the viral spike protein is an immunodominant and highly specific target of antibodies in SARS-CoV-2 patients.","volume":"5","author":"Premkumar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"zoi220615r4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-020-01503-7","article-title":"A highly specific and sensitive serological assay detects SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels in COVID-19 patients that correlate with neutralization.","volume":"49","author":"Peterhoff","year":"2021","journal-title":"Infection"},{"issue":"8","key":"zoi220615r5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1444","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2021-0313","article-title":"Analytical and clinical performances of a SARS-CoV-2 S-RBD IgG assay: comparison with neutralization titers.","volume":"59","author":"Padoan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"zoi220615r6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.3390\/v13081508","article-title":"Chemiluminescence immunoassay based serological immunoassays for detection of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies in COVID-19 convalescent patients and vaccinated population.","volume":"13","author":"Yin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"issue":"8","key":"zoi220615r7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofab378","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 natural antibody response persists for at least 12 months in a nationwide study from the Faroe Islands.","volume":"8","author":"Petersen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"zoi220615r8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4846","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-25109-1","article-title":"Author Correction: Twelve-month specific IgG response to SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain among COVID-19 convalescent plasma donors in Wuhan.","volume":"12","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"7867","key":"zoi220615r9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03647-4","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 infection induces long-lived bone marrow plasma cells in humans.","volume":"595","author":"Turner","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"7867","key":"zoi220615r10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03696-9","article-title":"Naturally enhanced neutralizing breadth against SARS-CoV-2 one year after infection.","volume":"595","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"12","key":"zoi220615r11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3202","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.v51.12","article-title":"Persistence of neutralizing antibodies a year after SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans.","volume":"51","author":"Haveri","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"zoi220615r12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2021.103561","article-title":"Evolution of antibody responses up to 13 months after SARS-CoV-2 infection and risk of reinfection.","volume":"71","author":"Gallais","year":"2021","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"issue":"6","key":"zoi220615r13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiab339","article-title":"Persistence of neutralizing antibody response up to 1 Year After asymptomatic or symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection.","volume":"224","author":"Choe","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"zoi220615r14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2021.09.021","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies decline over one year and patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia display a unique cytokine profile.","volume":"112","author":"Vacharathit","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"6529","key":"zoi220615r15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abf4063","article-title":"Immunological memory to SARS-CoV-2 assessed for up to 8 months after infection.","volume":"371","author":"Dan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"11","key":"zoi220615r16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2021.2770","article-title":"Association of age and pediatric household transmission of SARS-CoV-2 infection.","volume":"175","author":"Paul","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"zoi220615r17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7189\/jogh.10.011101","article-title":"The role of children in transmission of SARS-CoV-2: A rapid review.","volume":"10","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Glob Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"zoi220615r18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.4302","article-title":"Association of age with SARS-CoV-2 antibody response.","volume":"4","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"3","key":"zoi220615r19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2021-052173","article-title":"Mild SARS-CoV-2 infections and neutralizing antibody titers.","volume":"148","author":"Bonfante","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"zoi220615r20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-27595-9","article-title":"Robust and durable serological response following pediatric SARS-CoV-2 infection.","volume":"13","author":"Renk","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"zoi220615r21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2020.103101","article-title":"Analytical and clinical performances of five immunoassays for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in comparison with neutralization activity.","volume":"62","author":"Padoan","year":"2020","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"zoi220615r25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.101150","article-title":"Antibody persistence and neutralising activity in primary school students and staff: prospective active surveillance, June to December 2020, England.","volume":"41","author":"Ireland","year":"2021","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"issue":"11","key":"zoi220615r26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3335","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-021-04124-w","article-title":"Serum IgG levels in children 6 months after SARS-CoV-2 infection and comparison with adults.","volume":"180","author":"Bloise","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"issue":"54","key":"zoi220615r27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.abe0240","article-title":"Defining the features and duration of antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection associated with disease severity and outcome.","volume":"5","author":"R\u00f6ltgen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Immunol"},{"issue":"11","key":"zoi220615r28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2021.108852","article-title":"Virological and immunological features of SARS-CoV-2-infected children who develop neutralizing antibodies.","volume":"34","author":"Cotugno","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"issue":"6543","key":"zoi220615r29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abf6648","article-title":"Shared B cell memory to coronaviruses and other pathogens varies in human age groups and tissues.","volume":"372","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"6522","key":"zoi220615r30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abe1107","article-title":"Preexisting and de novo humoral immunity to SARS-CoV-2 in humans.","volume":"370","author":"Ng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"zoi220615r31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1186\/s13073-018-0568-8","article-title":"Human genetic variants and age are the strongest predictors of humoral immune responses to common pathogens and vaccines.","volume":"10","author":"Scepanovic","year":"2018","journal-title":"Genome Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"zoi220615r32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2021.671831","article-title":"Analysis of the behaviour of immunoglobulin G antibodies in children and adults convalescing from severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 infection.","volume":"9","author":"M\u00e1rquez-Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Pediatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"zoi220615r33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-020-00826-9","article-title":"Distinct antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 in children and adults across the COVID-19 clinical spectrum.","volume":"22","author":"Weisberg","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"zoi220615r34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.793953","article-title":"Sequential analysis of binding and neutralizing antibody in COVID-19 convalescent patients at 14 months after SARS-CoV-2 infection.","volume":"12","author":"Rosati","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"zoi220615r35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.684864","article-title":"Antibodies can last for more than 1 year after SARS-CoV-2 infection: a follow-up study from survivors of COVID-19.","volume":"8","author":"Xiao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"1","key":"zoi220615r36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6044","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-19943-y","article-title":"Dynamic changes in anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies during SARS-CoV-2 infection and recovery from COVID-19.","volume":"11","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"4","key":"zoi220615r37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2021.115537","article-title":"Kinetics of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody levels and potential influential factors in subjects with COVID-19: a 11-month follow-up study.","volume":"101","author":"Luo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"issue":"21","key":"zoi220615r38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2021.36.e157","article-title":"Antibody responses one year after mild SARS-CoV-2 infection.","volume":"36","author":"Choe","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Korean Med Sci"},{"key":"zoi220615r39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.101174","article-title":"Long-term persistence of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody responses after infection and estimates of the duration of protection.","volume":"41","author":"Lau","year":"2021","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"issue":"7","key":"zoi220615r40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1205","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-021-01377-8","article-title":"Neutralizing antibody levels are highly predictive of immune protection from symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection.","volume":"27","author":"Khoury","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"zoi220615r41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.741796","article-title":"Asymptomatic and mild SARS-CoV-2 infections elicit lower immune activation and higher specific neutralizing antibodies in children than in adults.","volume":"12","author":"Petrara","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"5","key":"zoi220615r42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-021-00902-8","article-title":"Robust SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell immunity is maintained at 6 months following primary infection.","volume":"22","author":"Zuo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"zoi220615r23","volume-title":"Reinfection With SARS-CoV-2: Implementation of a Surveillance Case Definition Within the EU\/EEA.","author":"European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control","year":"2021"},{"key":"zoi220615r22","unstructured":"Filia? A, Urdiales? AM, Rota? MC. Guide to contact tracing for COVID-19. June 26, 2020. Updated December 29, 2021. Accessed June 2, 2022. https:\/\/www.iss.it\/web\/guest\/rapporti-covid-19\/-\/asset_publisher\/btw1J82wtYzH\/content\/rapporto-iss-covid-19-n.-53-2020-guida-per-la-ricerca-e-gestione-dei-contatti-contact-tracing-dei-casi-di-covid-19.-versione-del-25-giugno-2020?_com_liferay_asset_publisher_web_portlet_AssetPublisherPortlet_INSTANCE_btw1J82wtYzH_assetEntryId=5425505&_com_liferay_asset_publisher_web_portlet_AssetPublisherPortlet_INSTANCE_btw1J82wtYzH_redirect=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iss.it%2Fweb%2Fguest%2Frapporti-covid-19%3Fp_p_id%3Dcom_liferay_asset_publisher_web_portlet_AssetPublisherPortlet_INSTANCE_btw1J82wtYzH%26p_p_lifecycle%3D0%26p_p_state%3Dnormal%26p_p_mode%3Dview%26_com_liferay_asset_publisher_web_portlet_AssetPublisherPortlet_INSTANCE_btw1J82wtYzH_assetEntryId%3D5425505%26_com_liferay_asset_publisher_web_portlet_AssetPublisherPortlet_INSTANCE_btw1J82wtYzH_cur%3D0%26p_r_p_resetCur%3Dfalse"},{"key":"zoi220615r24","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Clinical management. 2021. Accessed June 2, 2022. https:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/bitstream\/handle\/10665\/338871\/WHO-2019-nCoV-clinical-web_annex-2021.1-eng.pdf"}],"container-title":["JAMA Network Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jamanetworkopen\/articlepdf\/2794167\/di_chiara_2022_oi_220615_1657054324.37274.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,13]],"date-time":"2022-07-13T11:21:37Z","timestamp":1657711297000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jamanetworkopen\/fullarticle\/2794167"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,13]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.21616","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.742231659.793594235","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2574-3805"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2574-3805","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,13]]}}}