{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T21:08:12Z","timestamp":1791666492338,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"American Medical Association (AMA)","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAMA Netw Open"],"abstract":"\n Importance<\/jats:title>\n The use of chimeric antigen receptor\u2013T cell (CAR-T) therapy and bispecific antibodies in multiple myeloma is expanding, with encouraging early results. It is unknown if the current geographic distribution of CAR-T therapy and bispecific antibodies in multiple myeloma allows access for patients in need, especially for Black populations, which have a higher incidence of multiple myeloma.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n To investigate if the current geographic distribution of CAR-T cell therapy and bispecific antibodies for multiple myeloma allows equitable access for Black patients with multiple myeloma.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Design, Setting, and Participants<\/jats:title>\n This cross-sectional study of data from CAR-T therapy and bispecific antibodies multiple myeloma clinical trials for all available studies listed in ClinicalTrials.gov until January 31, 2022. Only studies with 1 or more open sites in the US were analyzed. Data were analyzed February 2022.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n A total of 162 clinical trials were found, and 69 analyzed\u20147896 participants were either enrolled or expected to enroll, with 4386 participants (55.5%) enrolled or to be enrolled in CAR-T therapies clinical trials. The vast majority of clinical trials (66 [96%]) were sponsored by industry, and there were 140 clinical trials sites. The mean number of sites per trial was 8.1 (7.8 for CAR-T trials [range, 1-30 trials] vs 8.7 for bispecific antibodies [range, 1-26 trials]). Only 35.9% of Black patients lived in a county with an open trial. For the 10 states with the highest proportion of Black residents (ranging from 18.6% to 41.4%), 6 of those states (60%) had no (3 states) or less than 3 clinical trial openings (3 states) for either a CAR-T or bispecific antibody study.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions and Relevance<\/jats:title>\n In this cross-sectional study, we found that the geographic distribution of clinical trials for CAR-T and bispecific antibodies may contribute to disparities in access to the most advanced clinical trials for new multiple myeloma therapies. Since most of the ongoing trials were sponsored by industry, regulating the distribution of clinical trial sites may reduce these inequities.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.28877","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,26]],"date-time":"2022-08-26T11:46:42Z","timestamp":1661514402000},"page":"e2228877","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["Geographic and Racial Disparities in Access to Chimeric Antigen Receptor\u2013T Cells and Bispecific Antibodies Trials for Multiple Myeloma"],"prefix":"10.1001","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Raghad","family":"Alqazaqi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Mutah University, Karak, Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolina","family":"Schinke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Myeloma Center, Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharmilan","family":"Thanendrarajan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Myeloma Center, Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maurizio","family":"Zangari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Myeloma Center, Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr","given":"John","family":"Shaughnessy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Myeloma Center, Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fenghuang","family":"Zhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Myeloma Center, Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guido","family":"Tricot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Myeloma Center, Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frits","family":"van Rhee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Myeloma Center, Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samer","family":"Al Hadidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Myeloma Center, Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,26]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"zoi220817r2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clml.2019.09.621","article-title":"Treatment options for triple-class refractory multiple myeloma.","volume":"20","author":"Mikhael","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk"},{"issue":"8","key":"zoi220817r3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2024850","article-title":"Idecabtagene vicleucel in relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma.","volume":"384","author":"Munshi","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"10297","key":"zoi220817r4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00933-8","article-title":"Ciltacabtagene autoleucel, a B-cell maturation antigen-directed chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (CARTITUDE-1): a phase 1b\/2 open-label study.","volume":"398","author":"Berdeja","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"10301","key":"zoi220817r5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)01338-6","article-title":"Teclistamab, a B-cell maturation antigen?\u00d7?CD3 bispecific antibody, in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (MajesTEC-1): a multicentre, open-label, single-arm, phase 1 study.","volume":"398","author":"Usmani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"13","key":"zoi220817r7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3256","DOI":"10.1080\/10428194.2021.1953013","article-title":"Health disparities experienced by Black and Hispanic Americans with multiple myeloma in the United States: a population-based study.","volume":"62","author":"Al Hadidi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Leuk Lymphoma"},{"issue":"20","key":"zoi220817r8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2986","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2019000308","article-title":"Racial disparities in treatment patterns and outcomes among patients with multiple myeloma: a SEER-Medicare analysis.","volume":"3","author":"Ailawadhi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Blood Adv"},{"issue":"4","key":"zoi220817r9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.7326\/M20-0410","article-title":"Participation of African American persons in clinical trials supporting U.S. Food and Drug Administration approval of cancer drugs.","volume":"173","author":"Al Hadidi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"zoi220817r10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.8161","article-title":"Enrollment of Black participants in pivotal clinical trials supporting US Food and Drug Administration approval of chimeric antigen receptor-T cell therapy for hematological malignant neoplasms.","volume":"5","author":"Al Hadidi","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"6","key":"zoi220817r11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2022.0319","article-title":"Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy in multiple myeloma-challenges and potential solutions.","volume":"8","author":"Al Hadidi","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol"},{"issue":"5","key":"zoi220817r12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1200\/OP.21.00001","article-title":"Participation of Black Americans in cancer clinical trials: current challenges and proposed solutions.","volume":"17","author":"Awidi","year":"2021","journal-title":"JCO Oncol Pract"},{"key":"zoi220817r13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2203478","article-title":"Teclistamab in Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma.","author":"Moreau","year":"2022","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"zoi220817r1","unstructured":"National Cancer Institute. National comparison represents relative survival after diagnosis from Fast Stats: An interactive tool for access to Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) cancer statistics. SEER website. Accessed February 15, 2022. https:\/\/seer.cancer.gov\/statfacts\/html\/mulmy.html"},{"key":"zoi220817r6","unstructured":"US Food and Drug Administration. US Food and Drug Administration Approves Bristol Myers Squibb\u2019s and bluebird bio\u2019s Abecma (idecabtagenevicleucel), the First Anti-BCMA CAR T Cell Therapy for Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma. News release. FDA news release. March 26, 2021. Accessed January 25, 2022. https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/news-events\/press-announcements\/fda-approves-first-cell-based-gene-therapy-adult-patients-multiple-myeloma"}],"container-title":["JAMA Network Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jamanetworkopen\/articlepdf\/2795656\/alqazaqi_2022_oi_220817_1660849834.33879.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,26]],"date-time":"2022-08-26T11:46:44Z","timestamp":1661514404000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jamanetworkopen\/fullarticle\/2795656"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,26]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.28877","relation":{},"ISSN":["2574-3805"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2574-3805","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,26]]}}}