{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T14:08:11Z","timestamp":1786975691447,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"American Medical Association (AMA)","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAMA Netw Open"],"DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.30426","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,13]],"date-time":"2022-09-13T11:27:33Z","timestamp":1663068453000},"page":"e2230426","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Analysis of a Simulation Model to Estimate Long-term Outcomes in Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease"],"prefix":"10.1001","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Jagpreet","family":"Chhatwal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Technology Assessment, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston"},{"name":"Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts"},{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ozden O.","family":"Dalgic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Technology Assessment, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston"},{"name":"Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wanyi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Technology Assessment, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston"},{"name":"Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sumeyye","family":"Samur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Technology Assessment, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston"},{"name":"Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily D.","family":"Bethea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Technology Assessment, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston"},{"name":"Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts"},{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jade","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Technology Assessment, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston"},{"name":"Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chin","family":"Hur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Columbia University, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathleen E.","family":"Corey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts"},{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rohit","family":"Loomba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NAFLD Research Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,13]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"zoi220862r1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2005","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.25762","article-title":"The diagnosis and management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: practice guideline by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases, American College of Gastroenterology, and the American Gastroenterological Association.","volume":"55","author":"Chalasani","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"11","key":"zoi220862r2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2013.171","article-title":"The global NAFLD epidemic.","volume":"10","author":"Loomba","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"zoi220862r3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.06.021","article-title":"The global epidemiology of NAFLD and NASH in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"71","author":"Younossi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"zoi220862r4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2020.05.064","article-title":"Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis is the most rapidly increasing indication for liver transplantation in the United States.","volume":"19","author":"Younossi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"zoi220862r5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1577","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28785","article-title":"The economic and clinical burden of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in the United States and Europe.","volume":"64","author":"Younossi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"5","key":"zoi220862r6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2014.11.034","article-title":"Evidence of NAFLD progression from steatosis to fibrosing-steatohepatitis using paired biopsies: implications for prognosis and clinical management.","volume":"62","author":"McPherson","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"zoi220862r7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.04.005","article-title":"Weight loss through lifestyle modification significantly reduces features of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.","volume":"149","author":"Vilar-Gomez","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"zoi220862r8","first-page":"39","article-title":"Treatment of obesity by very low calorie diet, behavior therapy, and their combination: a five-year perspective.","volume":"13","author":"Wadden","year":"1989","journal-title":"Int J Obes"},{"issue":"20","key":"zoi220862r9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2031","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.19569","article-title":"Association of bariatric surgery with major adverse liver and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with biopsy-proven nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.","volume":"326","author":"Aminian","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"7","key":"zoi220862r10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1984","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.01.051","article-title":"Therapeutic landscape for NAFLD in 2020.","volume":"158","author":"Neuschwander-Tetri","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"6","key":"zoi220862r11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1611","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.01.043","article-title":"Association between fibrosis stage and outcomes of patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"158","author":"Taylor","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"2","key":"zoi220862r12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2018.04.034","article-title":"Fibrosis severity as a determinant of cause-specific mortality in patients with advanced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a multi-national cohort study.","volume":"155","author":"Vilar-Gomez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"6","key":"zoi220862r13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2017.07.027","article-title":"Fibrosis stage but not NASH predicts mortality and time to development of severe liver disease in biopsy-proven NAFLD.","volume":"67","author":"Hagstr\u00f6m","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"zoi220862r14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1557","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29085","article-title":"Increased risk of mortality by fibrosis stage in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"65","author":"Dulai","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"4","key":"zoi220862r15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1002\/(ISSN)1527-3350","article-title":"Long-term follow-up of patients with NAFLD and elevated liver enzymes.","volume":"44","author":"Ekstedt","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"7","key":"zoi220862r16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1375","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2020-322786","article-title":"Mortality in biopsy-confirmed nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: results from a nationwide cohort.","volume":"70","author":"Simon","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"17","key":"zoi220862r17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1559","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2029349","article-title":"Prospective study of outcomes in adults with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.","volume":"385","author":"Sanyal","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"zoi220862r18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.24127","article-title":"Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) activity score and the histopathologic diagnosis in NAFLD: distinct clinicopathologic meanings.","volume":"53","author":"Brunt","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"2","key":"zoi220862r19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.04.043","article-title":"Liver fibrosis, but no other histologic features, is associated with long-term outcomes of patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.","volume":"149","author":"Angulo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"47","key":"zoi220862r20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8263","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v23.i47.8263","article-title":"Clinical epidemiology and disease burden of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.","volume":"23","author":"Perumpail","year":"2017","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"10215","key":"zoi220862r21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2184","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)33041-7","article-title":"Obeticholic acid for the treatment of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: interim analysis from a multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial.","volume":"394","author":"Younossi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"6","key":"zoi220862r22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1828","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2018.08.024","article-title":"Risk of hepatocellular cancer in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.","volume":"155","author":"Kanwal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"4","key":"zoi220862r24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1002\/(ISSN)1527-3350","article-title":"Similarities and differences in outcomes of cirrhosis due to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and hepatitis C.","volume":"43","author":"Sanyal","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"2","key":"zoi220862r25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.1997.v112.pm9024300","article-title":"Morbidity and mortality in compensated cirrhosis type C: a retrospective follow-up study of 384 patients.","volume":"112","author":"Fattovich","year":"1997","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"5","key":"zoi220862r26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2004.01.005","article-title":"Natural history of decompensated hepatitis C virus-related cirrhosis: a study of 200 patients.","volume":"40","author":"Planas","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"9972","key":"zoi220862r27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"956","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61933-4","article-title":"Farnesoid X nuclear receptor ligand obeticholic acid for non-cirrhotic, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (FLINT): a multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled trial.","volume":"385","author":"Neuschwander-Tetri","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"4 Pt 2","key":"zoi220862r28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.2010.10.issue-4p2","article-title":"Liver transplantation in the United States, 1999-2008.","volume":"10","author":"Thuluvath","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"issue":"1","key":"zoi220862r29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2008.07.029","article-title":"The burden of illness associated with hepatocellular carcinoma in the United States.","volume":"50","author":"Lang","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"zoi220862r30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.09.067","article-title":"Aging of hepatitis C virus (HCV)\u2013infected persons in the United States: a multiple cohort model of HCV prevalence and disease progression.","volume":"138","author":"Davis","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"6","key":"zoi220862r31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.22072","article-title":"Timing of hepatitis C antiviral therapy in patients with advanced liver disease: a decision analysis model.","volume":"16","author":"Saab","year":"2010","journal-title":"Liver Transpl"},{"issue":"4","key":"zoi220862r32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2018.05.057","article-title":"Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis is the fastest growing cause of hepatocellular carcinoma in liver transplant candidates.","volume":"17","author":"Younossi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"zoi220862r33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1723","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.v62.6","article-title":"Association of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the United States from 2004 to 2009.","volume":"62","author":"Younossi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"10","key":"zoi220862r34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2915","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-017-4684-x","article-title":"Liver transplantation for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in the US: temporal trends and outcomes.","volume":"62","author":"Cholankeril","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"zoi220862r35","first-page":"1","article-title":"United States life tables, 2013.","volume":"66","author":"Arias","year":"2017","journal-title":"Natl Vital Stat Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"zoi220862r38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2017.11.028","article-title":"Role of imaging-based biomarkers in NAFLD: Recent advances in clinical application and future research directions.","volume":"68","author":"Loomba","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"zoi220862r36","volume-title":"Simulated Annealing and Boltzmann Machines: A Stochastic Approach to Combinatorial Optimization and Neural Computing","author":"Aarts","year":"1989"},{"key":"zoi220862r23","unstructured":"Gilead Announces Topline Data From Phase 3 STELLAR-4 Study of Selonsertib in Compensated Cirrhosis (F4) Due to Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH). News release. Gilead. February 11, 2019. Accessed August 8, 2022. https:\/\/www.gilead.com\/news-and-press\/press-room\/press-releases\/2019\/2\/gilead-announces-topline-data-from-phase-3-stellar4-study-of-selonsertib-in-compensated-cirrhosis-f4-due-to-nonalcoholic-steatohepatitis-nash"},{"key":"zoi220862r37","unstructured":"Chhatwal? J, Loomba? R, Bethea? E, . NAFLD Simulator. Accessed August 8, 2022. https:\/\/www.nafldsimulator.org\/"}],"container-title":["JAMA Network Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jamanetworkopen\/articlepdf\/2796089\/chhatwal_2022_oi_220862_1662050553.566.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,13]],"date-time":"2022-09-13T11:27:39Z","timestamp":1663068459000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jamanetworkopen\/fullarticle\/2796089"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,13]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.30426","relation":{},"ISSN":["2574-3805"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2574-3805","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,13]]}}}