{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T16:27:25Z","timestamp":1791044845356,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"American Medical Association (AMA)","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAMA Netw Open"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"ab-zoi220936-4\"><jats:title>Importance<\/jats:title><jats:p>National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines currently recommend germline testing for high-risk genes in selected patients with breast cancer. The clinical utility of recommending testing all patients with breast cancer with multigene panels is currently under consideration.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"ab-zoi220936-5\"><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To examine the implications of universal testing of patients with breast cancer with respect to clinical decision-making.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"ab-zoi220936-6\"><jats:title>Design, Setting, and Participants<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients from a previously reported cohort were assessed as in-criteria or out-of-criteria according to the 2017 guidelines and underwent testing with a multigene germline panel between 2017 to 2018. Patients were women and men aged 18 to 90 years, with a new and\/or previous diagnosis of breast cancer who had not undergone either single or multigene testing. Clinicians from 20 community and academic sites documented patient clinical information and changes to clinical recommendations made according to test findings. Association between prevalence of pathogenic or likely pathogenic germline variants and previously unreported clinical features, including scores generated by the BRCAPRO statistical model, was determined. Data were analyzed from April 2020 to May 2022.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"ab-zoi220936-7\"><jats:title>Exposure<\/jats:title><jats:p>New and\/or previous diagnosis of breast cancer.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"ab-zoi220936-8\"><jats:title>Main Outcomes and Measures<\/jats:title><jats:p>Disease management recommendations that were changed as a result of genetic testing results are reported.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"ab-zoi220936-9\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Clinicians were asked to assess changes to clinical management as a result of germline genetic testing for 952 patients. Informative clinician-reported recommendations were provided for 939 (467 in-criteria and 472 out-of-criteria) of the patients with breast cancer (936 [99.7%] female; 702 [74.8%] White; mean [SD] age at initial diagnosis, 57.6 [11.5] years). One or more changes were reported for 31 of 37 (83.8%) in-criteria patients and 23 of 34 (67.6%) out-of-criteria patients with a pathogenic or likely pathogenic variant. Recommendations were changed as a result of testing results for 14 of 22 (63.6%) out-of-criteria patients who had a variant in a breast cancer predisposition gene. Clinicians considered testing beneficial for two-thirds of patients with pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants and for one-third of patients with either negative results or variants of uncertain significance. There was no difference in variant rate between patients meeting the BRCAPRO threshold (\u226510%) and those who did not (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.86, Fisher exact test). No changes to clinical recommendations were made for most patients with negative results (345 of 349 patients [98.9%]) or variants of uncertain significance (492 of 509 patients [96.7%]).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"ab-zoi220936-10\"><jats:title>Conclusions and Relevance<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this cohort study, germline genetic testing was used by clinicians to direct treatment for most out-of-criteria patients with breast cancer with pathogenic or likely pathogenic germline variants, including those with moderate-risk variants. Universal germline testing informs clinical decision-making and provides access to targeted treatments and clinical trials for all patients with breast cancer.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.32787","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,22]],"date-time":"2022-09-22T16:29:14Z","timestamp":1663864154000},"page":"e2232787","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Clinical Utility of Universal Germline Genetic Testing for Patients With Breast Cancer"],"prefix":"10.1001","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Pat W.","family":"Whitworth","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nashville Breast Center, Nashville, Tennesee"},{"name":"TME Breast Care Network, Dallas, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter D.","family":"Beitsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TME Breast Care Network, Dallas, Texas"},{"name":"Invitae, San Francisco, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rakesh","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TME Breast Care Network, Dallas, Texas"},{"name":"Invitae, San Francisco, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barry","family":"Rosen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TME Breast Care Network, Dallas, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gia","family":"Compagnoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Surgical Care of Northern Illinois, Barrington"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul L.","family":"Baron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwell Health, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rache","family":"Simmons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric A.","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Comprehensive Breast Care, A Division of Michigan Healthcare Professionals, Troy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linsey","family":"Gold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Comprehensive Breast Care, A Division of Michigan Healthcare Professionals, Troy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dennis","family":"Holmes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Private practice, Los Angeles, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda Ann","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Breast Surgery Associates of New Mexico, Albuquerque"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Kinney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Advanced Breast Care, Arlington Heights, Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian","family":"Grady","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"North Valley Breast Clinic, Redding, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Clark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ironwood Cancer and Research Centers, Scottsdale, Arizona"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"Barbosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alaska Breast Care Specialists, Anchorage"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel","family":"Lyons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lyons Care Associates, Kahului, Hawaii"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lee","family":"Riley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St Luke\u2019s University Health Network, Easton, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cynara","family":"Coomer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Northwell Staten Island University Hospital, Staten Island, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Curcio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Breast Link, Laguna Hills, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Ruiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chesapeake Regional Medical Center, Chesapeake, Virginia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sadia","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hoag Hospital Newport Beach, Newport Beach, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heather","family":"MacDonald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hoag Hospital Newport Beach, Newport Beach, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"Hughes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary Kay","family":"Hardwick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TME Breast Care Network, Dallas, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brandie","family":"Heald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Invitae, San Francisco, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra B.","family":"Munro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Invitae, San Francisco, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah M.","family":"Nielsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Invitae, San Francisco, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edward D.","family":"Esplin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Invitae, San Francisco, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"31","key":"zoi220936r1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3660","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2015.63.0996","article-title":"American Society of Clinical Oncology policy statement update: genetic and genomic testing for cancer susceptibility.","volume":"33","author":"Robson","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"10","key":"zoi220936r2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1007\/s11864-021-00887-4","article-title":"Understanding the clinical implications of low penetrant genes and breast cancer risk.","volume":"22","author":"Vaidyanathan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr Treat Options Oncol"},{"issue":"11","key":"zoi220936r3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2701","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2002.05.121","article-title":"BRCAPRO validation, sensitivity of genetic testing of BRCA1\/BRCA2, and prevalence of other breast cancer susceptibility genes.","volume":"20","author":"Berry","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"24","key":"zoi220936r4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2178","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.19.00798","article-title":"Reply to M.S. Copur et al, A. Taylor et al, and P.S. Rajagopal et al.","volume":"37","author":"Beitsch","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"24","key":"zoi220936r5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2175","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.19.00064","article-title":"Should all patients with a diagnosis of breast cancer undergo expanded panel testing?","volume":"37","author":"Copur","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"24","key":"zoi220936r6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2177","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.19.00160","article-title":"The time for mainstreaming germline testing for patients with breast cancer is now.","volume":"37","author":"Rajagopal","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"6","key":"zoi220936r7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.v127.6","article-title":"Germline genetic testing in breast cancer: rationale for the testing of all women diagnosed by the age of 60 years and for risk-based testing of those older than 60 years.","volume":"127","author":"Desai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"31","key":"zoi220936r8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3415","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.21.01761","article-title":"Germline genetic testing for women with breast cancer: shifting the paradigm from whom to test to whom NOT to test.","volume":"39","author":"Tung","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"zoi220936r9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.6004\/jnccn.2017.0003","article-title":"NCCN guidelines insights: genetic\/familial high-risk assessment: breast and ovarian, version 2.2017.","volume":"15","author":"Daly","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Natl Compr Canc Netw"},{"issue":"6","key":"zoi220936r10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.18.01631","article-title":"Underdiagnosis of hereditary breast cancer: are genetic testing guidelines a tool or an obstacle?","volume":"37","author":"Beitsch","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"25","key":"zoi220936r11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2394","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2105215","article-title":"Adjuvant olaparib for patients with BRCA1- or BRCA2-mutated breast cancer.","volume":"384","author":"Tutt","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"zoi220936r12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1706450","article-title":"Olaparib for metastatic breast cancer in patients with a germline BRCA mutation.","volume":"377","author":"Robson","year":"2017","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"zoi220936r13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.6004\/jnccn.2017.0003","article-title":"NCCN guidelines insights: genetic\/familial high-risk assessment: breast and ovarian, version 2.2017.","volume":"15","author":"Daly","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Natl Compr Canc Netw"},{"issue":"10","key":"zoi220936r14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3060","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-017-5963-7","article-title":"Expanded gene panel use for women with breast cancer: identification and intervention beyond breast cancer risk.","volume":"24","author":"O\u2019Leary","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Surg Oncol"},{"issue":"10","key":"zoi220936r15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1267","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2012.46.9403","article-title":"Multiplex genetic testing for cancer susceptibility: out on the high wire without a net?","volume":"31","author":"Domchek","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"2","key":"zoi220936r16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2020.6252","article-title":"Comparison of universal genetic testing vs guideline-directed targeted testing for patients with hereditary cancer syndrome.","volume":"7","author":"Samadder","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"zoi220936r17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.4081\/oncol.2021.544","article-title":"Expanding the search for germline pathogenic variants for breast cancer. How far should we go and how high should we jump? The missed opportunity!","volume":"15","author":"Abdel-Razeq","year":"2021","journal-title":"Oncol Rev"},{"issue":"7","key":"zoi220936r18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djx265","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness of population-based BRCA1, BRCA2, RAD51C, RAD51D, BRIP1, PALB2 mutation testing in unselected general population women.","volume":"110","author":"Manchanda","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"issue":"5","key":"zoi220936r19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2005936","article-title":"A population-based study of genes previously implicated in breast cancer.","volume":"384","author":"Hu","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"zoi220936r20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1913948","article-title":"Breast cancer risk genes: association analysis in more than 113,000 women.","volume":"384","author":"Dorling","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"zoi220936r21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1730","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1996.14.5.1730","article-title":"Statement of the American Society of Clinical Oncology: genetic testing for cancer susceptibility, adopted on February 20, 1996.","volume":"14","author":"American Society of Clinical OncologyR","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"4","key":"zoi220936r22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdz012","article-title":"OlympiAD final overall survival and tolerability results: olaparib versus chemotherapy treatment of physician\u2019s choice in patients with a germline BRCA mutation and HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer.","volume":"30","author":"Robson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"issue":"8","key":"zoi220936r23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1802905","article-title":"Talazoparib in patients with advanced breast cancer and a germline BRCA mutation.","volume":"379","author":"Litton","year":"2018","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"zoi220936r26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1038\/s41523-022-00411-3","article-title":"PARP inhibition in breast cancer: progress made and future hopes.","volume":"8","author":"Tung","year":"2022","journal-title":"Breast Cancer"},{"issue":"10","key":"zoi220936r27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3025","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-019-07549-8","article-title":"Consensus guidelines on genetic testing for hereditary breast cancer from the American Society of Breast Surgeons.","volume":"26","author":"Manahan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Surg Oncol"},{"issue":"13","key":"zoi220936r28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1409","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.19.02190","article-title":"Evaluation of germline genetic testing criteria in a hospital-based series of women with breast cancer.","volume":"38","author":"Yadav","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"10","key":"zoi220936r29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.0229","article-title":"Prevalence of pathogenic variants in cancer susceptibility genes among women with postmenopausal breast cancer.","volume":"323","author":"Kurian","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"zoi220936r30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S105","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2009.162982","article-title":"Disparate inclusion of older adults in clinical trials: priorities and opportunities for policy and practice change.","volume":"100","author":"Herrera","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"issue":"7","key":"zoi220936r31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.10987","article-title":"Risk assessment, genetic counseling, and genetic testing for BRCA-related cancer: US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement.","volume":"322","author":"Owens","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"8","key":"zoi220936r32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2018.0644","article-title":"Uptake, results, and outcomes of germline multiple-gene sequencing after diagnosis of breast cancer.","volume":"4","author":"Kurian","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol"},{"issue":"4","key":"zoi220936r33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2019.6400","article-title":"Association of germline genetic testing results with locoregional and systemic therapy in patients with breast cancer.","volume":"6","author":"Kurian","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol"},{"issue":"7","key":"zoi220936r34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2021.1012","article-title":"Universal genetic testing to identify pathogenic germline variants in patients with cancer-Reply.","volume":"7","author":"Esplin","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol"},{"issue":"10","key":"zoi220936r35","first-page":"1122","article-title":"NCCN guidelines insights: genetic\/familial high-risk assessment; colorectal, version 1.2021.","volume":"19","author":"Weiss","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Natl Compr Canc Netw"},{"issue":"10","key":"zoi220936r36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2426","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14102426","article-title":"Clinical impact of pathogenic variants in DNA damage repair genes beyond BRCA1 and BRCA2 in breast and ovarian cancer patients.","volume":"14","author":"Espinel","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"issue":"12","key":"zoi220936r37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1631","DOI":"10.1038\/s41431-020-00725-5","article-title":"Barriers and facilitators for cascade testing in genetic conditions: a systematic review.","volume":"28","author":"Srinivasan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Hum Genet"},{"key":"zoi220936r38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1387","DOI":"10.1200\/PO.21.00163","article-title":"Cascade genetic testing for hereditary cancer risk: an underutilized tool for cancer prevention.","volume":"5","author":"Whitaker","year":"2021","journal-title":"JCO Precis Oncol"},{"key":"zoi220936r24","unstructured":"ClinicalTrials.gov. Olaparib in metastatic breast cancer. November 17, 2017. Updated June 30, 2022. Accessed April 15, 2022. https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT03344965"},{"key":"zoi220936r25","unstructured":"ClinicalTrials.gov. Niraparib plus carboplatin in patients with homologous recombination deficient advanced solid tumor malignancies. July 6, 2017. Updated September 1, 2021. Accessed April 15, 2022. https:\/\/www.clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT03209401"},{"key":"zoi220936r39","unstructured":"The President\u2019s Cancer Panel. Closing gaps in cancer screening: connecting people, communities, and systems to improve equity and access. February 2022. Accessed April 15, 2022. https:\/\/prescancerpanel.cancer.gov\/report\/cancerscreening\/pdf\/PresCancerPanel_CancerScreening_Feb2022.pdf"}],"container-title":["JAMA Network Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jamanetworkopen\/articlepdf\/2796613\/whitworth_2022_oi_220936_1663261378.34762.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,22]],"date-time":"2022-09-22T16:29:18Z","timestamp":1663864158000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jamanetworkopen\/fullarticle\/2796613"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,22]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.32787","relation":{},"ISSN":["2574-3805"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2574-3805","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,22]]}}}