{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T00:36:47Z","timestamp":1792802207948,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"American Medical Association (AMA)","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAMA Netw Open"],"abstract":"\n Importance<\/jats:title>\n Interindividual variability in postprandial glycemic response (PPGR) to the same foods may explain why low glycemic index or load and low-carbohydrate diet interventions have mixed weight loss outcomes. A precision nutrition approach that estimates personalized PPGR to specific foods may be more efficacious for weight loss.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n To compare a standardized low-fat vs a personalized diet regarding percentage of weight loss in adults with abnormal glucose metabolism and obesity.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Design, Setting, and Participants<\/jats:title>\n \n The Personal Diet Study was a single-center, population-based, 6-month randomized clinical trial with measurements at baseline (0 months) and 3 and 6 months conducted from February 12, 2018, to October 28, 2021. A total of 269 adults aged 18 to 80 years with a body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared) ranging from 27 to 50 and a hemoglobin A\n 1c<\/jats:sub>\n level ranging from 5.7% to 8.0% were recruited. Individuals were excluded if receiving medications other than metformin or with evidence of kidney disease, assessed as an estimated glomerular filtration rate of less than 60 mL\/min\/1.73 m\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n using the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation, to avoid recruiting patients with advanced type 2 diabetes.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Interventions<\/jats:title>\n Participants were randomized to either a low-fat diet (&amp;lt;25% of energy intake; standardized group) or a personalized diet that estimates PPGR to foods using a machine learning algorithm (personalized group). Participants in both groups received a total of 14 behavioral counseling sessions and self-monitored dietary intake. In addition, the participants in the personalized group received color-coded meal scores on estimated PPGR delivered via a mobile app.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Main Outcomes and Measures<\/jats:title>\n The primary outcome was the percentage of weight loss from baseline to 6 months. Secondary outcomes included changes in body composition (fat mass, fat-free mass, and percentage of body weight), resting energy expenditure, and adaptive thermogenesis. Data were collected at baseline and 3 and 6 months. Analysis was based on intention to treat using linear mixed modeling.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Of a total of 204 adults randomized, 199 (102 in the personalized group vs 97 in the standardized group) contributed data (mean [SD] age, 58 [11] years; 133 women [66.8%]; mean [SD] body mass index, 33.9 [4.8]). Weight change at 6 months was \u22124.31% (95% CI, \u22125.37% to \u22123.24%) for the standardized group and \u22123.26% (95% CI, \u22124.25% to \u22122.26%) for the personalized group, which was not significantly different (difference between groups, 1.05% [95% CI, \u22120.40% to 2.50%];\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009.16). There were no between-group differences in body composition and adaptive thermogenesis; however, the change in resting energy expenditure was significantly greater in the standardized group from 0 to 6 months (difference between groups, 92.3 [95% CI, 0.9-183.8] kcal\/d;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009.05).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions and Relevance<\/jats:title>\n A personalized diet targeting a reduction in PPGR did not result in greater weight loss compared with a low-fat diet at 6 months. Future studies should assess methods of increasing dietary self-monitoring adherence and intervention exposure.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Trial Registration<\/jats:title>\n \n ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:\n NCT03336411<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.33760","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,28]],"date-time":"2022-09-28T11:35:32Z","timestamp":1664364932000},"page":"e2233760","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":74,"title":["Effect of a Personalized Diet to Reduce Postprandial Glycemic Response vs a Low-fat Diet on Weight Loss in Adults With Abnormal Glucose Metabolism and Obesity"],"prefix":"10.1001","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Collin J.","family":"Popp","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Excellence in Health Equity, Center for Healthful Behavior Change, Department of Population Health, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lu","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Excellence in Health Equity, Center for Healthful Behavior Change, Department of Population Health, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna Y.","family":"Kharmats","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Excellence in Health Equity, Center for Healthful Behavior Change, Department of Population Health, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margaret","family":"Curran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Excellence in Health Equity, Center for Healthful Behavior Change, Department of Population Health, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauren","family":"Berube","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Excellence in Health Equity, Center for Healthful Behavior Change, Department of Population Health, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biostatistics, Department of Population Health, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary Lou","family":"Pompeii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Excellence in Health Equity, Center for Healthful Behavior Change, Department of Population Health, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paige","family":"Illiano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Excellence in Health Equity, Center for Healthful Behavior Change, Department of Population Health, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David E.","family":"St-Jules","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition, University of Nevada, Reno"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meredith","family":"Mottern","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Excellence in Health Equity, Center for Healthful Behavior Change, Department of Population Health, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huilin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biostatistics, Department of Population Health, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natasha","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Excellence in Health Equity, Center for Healthful Behavior Change, Department of Population Health, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antoinette","family":"Schoenthaler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Excellence in Health Equity, Center for Healthful Behavior Change, Department of Population Health, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eran","family":"Segal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anastasia","family":"Godneva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diana","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematical Sciences, United States Military Academy, West Point, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Bergman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Excellence in Health Equity, Center for Healthful Behavior Change, Department of Population Health, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York"},{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ann Marie","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes Research Program, Department of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary Ann","family":"Sevick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Excellence in Health Equity, Center for Healthful Behavior Change, Department of Population Health, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York"},{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,28]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"zoi220963r1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1098","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2018.2933","article-title":"The carbohydrate-insulin model of obesity: beyond \u201ccalories in, calories out\u201d.","volume":"178","author":"Ludwig","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"zoi220963r2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.0245","article-title":"Effect of low-fat vs low-carbohydrate diet on 12-month weight loss in overweight adults and the association with genotype pattern or insulin secretion: the DIETFITS randomized clinical trial.","volume":"319","author":"Gardner","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"10","key":"zoi220963r3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-140-10-200405180-00006","article-title":"A low-carbohydrate, ketogenic diet versus a low-fat diet to treat obesity and hyperlipidemia: a randomized, controlled trial.","volume":"140","author":"Yancy","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"zoi220963r4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.7326\/M14-0180","article-title":"Effects of low-carbohydrate and low-fat diets: a randomized trial.","volume":"161","author":"Bazzano","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"19","key":"zoi220963r5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2092","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.297.19.2092","article-title":"Effects of a low-glycemic load vs low-fat diet in obese young adults: a randomized trial.","volume":"297","author":"Ebbeling","year":"2007","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"21","key":"zoi220963r6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2074","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa022637","article-title":"A low-carbohydrate as compared with a low-fat diet in severe obesity.","volume":"348","author":"Samaha","year":"2003","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"zoi220963r7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1733","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2009.460","article-title":"Effects of a low-intensity intervention that prescribed a low-carbohydrate vs a low-fat diet in obese, diabetic participants.","volume":"18","author":"Iqbal","year":"2010","journal-title":"Obesity (Silver Spring)"},{"issue":"1","key":"zoi220963r8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.2008.27326","article-title":"Long-term effects of a very-low-carbohydrate weight loss diet compared with an isocaloric low-fat diet after 12 mo.","volume":"90","author":"Brinkworth","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"6","key":"zoi220963r9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-0934-0","article-title":"Human postprandial responses to food and potential for precision nutrition.","volume":"26","author":"Berry","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"zoi220963r10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.11.001","article-title":"Personalized nutrition by prediction of glycemic responses.","volume":"163","author":"Zeevi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"2","key":"zoi220963r11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2018.8102","article-title":"Assessment of a personalized approach to predicting postprandial glycemic responses to food among individuals without diabetes.","volume":"2","author":"Mendes-Soares","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"zoi220963r12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1007\/s13300-021-01174-z","article-title":"Gut microbiome activity contributes to prediction of individual variation in glycemic response in adults.","volume":"13","author":"Tily","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diabetes Ther"},{"issue":"5","key":"zoi220963r13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.1214\/aos\/1013203451","article-title":"Greedy function approximation: a gradient boosting machine.","volume":"29","author":"Friedman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann Stat"},{"issue":"9","key":"zoi220963r14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1980","DOI":"10.2337\/dc21-0162","article-title":"Personalized postprandial glucose response\u2013targeting diet versus Mediterranean diet for glycemic control in prediabetes.","volume":"44","author":"Ben-Yacov","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"zoi220963r15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cct.2019.03.001","article-title":"The rationale and design of the Personal Diet Study, a randomized clinical trial evaluating a personalized approach to weight loss in individuals with pre-diabetes and early-stage type 2 diabetes.","volume":"79","author":"Popp","year":"2019","journal-title":"Contemp Clin Trials"},{"issue":"1","key":"zoi220963r16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-022-02254-y","article-title":"Effects of personalized diets by prediction of glycemic responses on glycemic control and metabolic health in newly diagnosed T2DM: a randomized dietary intervention pilot trial.","volume":"20","author":"Rein","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"zoi220963r17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1405","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-021-02742-6","article-title":"Adaptive thermogenesis after moderate weight loss: magnitude and methodological issues.","volume":"61","author":"Nunes","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur J Nutr"},{"issue":"8","key":"zoi220963r18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jand.2012.04.016","article-title":"The automated self-administered 24-hour dietary recall (ASA24): a resource for researchers, clinicians, and educators from the National Cancer Institute.","volume":"112","author":"Subar","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Acad Nutr Diet"},{"issue":"6","key":"zoi220963r19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jand.2014.02.003","article-title":"Time to correctly predict the amount of weight loss with dieting.","volume":"114","author":"Thomas","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Acad Nutr Diet"},{"key":"zoi220963r20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"m696","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m696","article-title":"Comparison of dietary macronutrient patterns of 14 popular named dietary programmes for weight and cardiovascular risk factor reduction in adults: systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised trials.","volume":"369","author":"Ge","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"9","key":"zoi220963r21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9092904","article-title":"A two-year follow-up cohort study-improved clinical control over CVD risk factors through weight loss in middle-aged and older adults.","volume":"9","author":"Macek","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"zoi220963r22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1568","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI112749","article-title":"Determinants of 24-hour energy expenditure in man: methods and results using a respiratory chamber.","volume":"78","author":"Ravussin","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"zoi220963r23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2021.104365","article-title":"Precision nutrition: a systematic literature review.","volume":"133","author":"Kirk","year":"2021","journal-title":"Comput Biol Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"zoi220963r24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyw186","article-title":"Effect of personalized nutrition on health-related behaviour change: evidence from the Food4Me European randomized controlled trial.","volume":"46","author":"Celis-Morales","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"zoi220963r25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqac031","article-title":"The energy balance model of obesity: beyond calories in, calories out.","volume":"115","author":"Hall","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"1","key":"zoi220963r26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jada.2010.10.008","article-title":"Self-monitoring in weight loss: a systematic review of the literature.","volume":"111","author":"Burke","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Am Diet Assoc"},{"issue":"2","key":"zoi220963r27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.v29.2","article-title":"The impact of COVID-19 stay-at-home orders on health behaviors in adults.","volume":"29","author":"Flanagan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Obesity (Silver Spring)"},{"issue":"3","key":"zoi220963r28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1007\/s13679-021-00449-7","article-title":"COVID-19 self-quarantine and weight gain risk factors in adults.","volume":"10","author":"Zeigler","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr Obes Rep"},{"key":"zoi220963r29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1146\/food.2020.11.issue-1","article-title":"Precision (personalized) nutrition: understanding metabolic heterogeneity.","volume":"11","author":"Zeisel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Annu Rev Food Sci Technol"},{"key":"zoi220963r30","unstructured":"National Institutes of Health. 2020-2030 Strategic Plan for NIH Nutrition Research: a report of the NIH Nutrition Research Task Force. January 8, 2021. Accessed April 15, 2022. https:\/\/dpcpsi.nih.gov\/onr\/strategic-plan"}],"container-title":["JAMA Network Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jamanetworkopen\/articlepdf\/2796808\/popp_2022_oi_220963_1663774070.11697.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,28]],"date-time":"2022-09-28T11:35:36Z","timestamp":1664364936000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jamanetworkopen\/fullarticle\/2796808"}},"subtitle":["A Randomized Clinical Trial"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,28]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.33760","relation":{},"ISSN":["2574-3805"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2574-3805","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,28]]}}}