{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T20:33:52Z","timestamp":1787776432525,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"American Medical Association (AMA)","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAMA Netw Open"],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Importance<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although topical antibiotics are often prescribed for treating acute infective conjunctivitis in children, their efficacy is uncertain.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To assess the efficacy of topical antibiotic therapy for acute infective conjunctivitis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design, Setting, and Participants<\/jats:title><jats:p>A randomized clinical trial was conducted in primary health care in Oulu, Finland, from October 15, 2014, to February 7, 2020. Children aged 6 months to 7 years with acute infective conjunctivitis were eligible for enrollment. The participants were followed up for 14 days. A subsequent meta-analysis included the present trial and 3 previous randomized clinical trials enrolling pediatric patients aged 1 month to 18 years with acute infective conjunctivitis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Interventions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Participants in the present randomized clinical trial were randomized to moxifloxacin eye drops, placebo eye drops, or no intervention.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Main Outcomes and Measures<\/jats:title><jats:p>The primary outcome in the present randomized clinical trial was time to clinical cure (in days); in the meta-analysis, the primary outcome was the proportion of participants with conjunctival symptoms on days 3 to 6.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The randomized clinical trial included 88 participants (46 [52%] girls), of whom 30 were randomized to moxifloxacin eye drops (mean [SD] age, 2.8 [1.6] years), 27 to placebo eye drops (mean [SD], age 3.0 [1.3] years), and 31 to no intervention (mean [SD] age, 3.2 [1.8] years). The time to clinical cure was significantly shorter in the moxifloxacin eye drop group than in the no intervention group (3.8 vs 5.7 days; difference, \u22121.9 days; 95% CI, \u22123.7 to \u22120.1 days; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.04), while in the survival analysis both moxifloxacin and placebo eye drops significantly shortened the time to clinical cure relative to no intervention. In the meta-analysis, a total of 584 children were randomized (300 to topical antibiotics and 284 to a placebo), and the use of topical antibiotics was associated with a significant reduction in the proportion of children who had symptoms of conjunctivitis on days 3 to 6 compared with placebo eye drops (odds ratio, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.39 to 0.91).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions and Relevance<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this randomized clinical trial and systematic review and meta-analysis, topical antibiotics were associated with significantly shorter durations of conjunctival symptoms in children with acute infective conjunctivitis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Trial Registration<\/jats:title><jats:p>ClinicalTrialsRegister.eu Identifier: <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu\/ctr-search\/trial\/2013-005623-16\/results\">2013-005623-16<\/jats:ext-link><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.34459","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,4]],"date-time":"2022-10-04T15:01:52Z","timestamp":1664895712000},"page":"e2234459","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Effect of Topical Antibiotics on Duration of Acute Infective Conjunctivitis in Children"],"prefix":"10.1001","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Minna","family":"Honkila","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland"},{"name":"Research Unit of Clinical Medicine and Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulla","family":"Koskela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland"},{"name":"Research Unit of Clinical Medicine and Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tero","family":"Kontiokari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children\u2019s Mehil\u00e4inen, Oulu, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marja-Leena","family":"Mattila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children\u2019s Mehil\u00e4inen, Oulu, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aila","family":"Kristo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children\u2019s Mehil\u00e4inen, Oulu, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raija","family":"Valtonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children\u2019s Terveystalo, Oulu, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suvi","family":"Sarlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland"},{"name":"Research Unit of Clinical Medicine and Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niko","family":"Paalanne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland"},{"name":"Research Unit of Clinical Medicine and Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irma","family":"Ik\u00e4heimo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NordLab Oulu, Oulu, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tytti","family":"Pokka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland"},{"name":"Research Unit of Clinical Medicine and Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matti","family":"Uhari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland"},{"name":"Research Unit of Clinical Medicine and Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marjo","family":"Renko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Terhi","family":"Tapiainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland"},{"name":"Research Unit of Clinical Medicine and Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland"},{"name":"Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,4]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"zoi220984r1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(05)83479-1","article-title":"Acute conjunctivitis in childhood.","volume":"122","author":"Weiss","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"zoi220984r2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2296-8-54","article-title":"Do general practitioners adhere to the guideline on infectious conjunctivitis? results of 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