{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T22:13:00Z","timestamp":1792879980340,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"American Medical Association (AMA)","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAMA Netw Open"],"abstract":"\n Importance<\/jats:title>\n Identification of long-term post\u2013COVID-19 symptoms among hospitalized and nonhospitalized patients is needed.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n To compare the presence of post\u2013COVID-19 symptoms 2 years after acute SARS-CoV-2 infection between hospitalized and nonhospitalized patients.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Design, Setting, and Participants<\/jats:title>\n A cross-sectional cohort study was conducted at 2 urban hospitals and general practitioner centers from March 20 to April 30, 2020, among 360 hospitalized patients and 308 nonhospitalized patients with acute SARS-CoV-2 infection during the first wave of the pandemic. Follow-up was conducted 2 years later.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Main Outcomes and Measures<\/jats:title>\n Participants were scheduled for a telephone interview 2 years after acute infection. The presence of post\u2013COVID-19 symptoms was systematically assessed, with particular attention to symptoms starting after infection. Hospitalization and clinical data were collected from medical records. Between-group comparisons and multivariate logistic regressions were conducted.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n A total of 360 hospitalized patients (162 women [45.0%]; mean [SD] age, 60.7 [16.1] years) and 308 nonhospitalized patients (183 women [59.4%]; mean [SD] age, 56.7 [14.7] years) were included. Dyspnea was more prevalent at the onset of illness among hospitalized than among nonhospitalized patients (112 [31.1%] vs 36 [11.7%];\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.001), whereas anosmia was more prevalent among nonhospitalized than among hospitalized patients (66 [21.4%] vs 36 [10.0%];\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009.003). Hospitalized patients were assessed at a mean (SD) of 23.8 (0.6) months after hospital discharge, and nonhospitalized patients were assessed at a mean (SD) of 23.4 (0.7) months after the onset of symptoms. The number of patients who exhibited at least 1 post\u2013COVID-19 symptom 2 years after infection was 215 (59.7%) among hospitalized patients and 208 (67.5%) among nonhospitalized patients (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009.01). Among hospitalized and nonhospitalized patients, fatigue (161 [44.7%] vs 147 [47.7%]), pain (129 [35.8%] vs 92 [29.9%]), and memory loss (72 [20.0%] vs 49 [15.9%]) were the most prevalent post\u2013COVID-19 symptoms 2 years after SARS-CoV-2 infection. No significant differences in post\u2013COVID-19 symptoms were observed between hospitalized and nonhospitalized patients. The number of preexisting medical comorbidities was associated with post\u2013COVID-19 fatigue (odds ratio [OR], 1.93; 95% CI, 1.09-3.42;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009.02) and dyspnea (OR, 1.91; 95% CI, 1.04-3.48;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009.03) among hospitalized patients. The number of preexisting medical comorbidities (OR, 3.75; 95% CI, 1.67-8.42;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009.001) and the number of symptoms at the onset of illness (OR, 3.84; 95% CI, 1.33-11.05;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009.01) were associated with post\u2013COVID-19 fatigue among nonhospitalized patients.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions and Relevance<\/jats:title>\n This cross-sectional study suggested the presence of at least 1 post\u2013COVID-19 symptom in 59.7% of hospitalized patients and 67.5% of nonhospitalized patients 2 years after infection. Small differences in symptoms at onset of COVID-19 were identified between hospitalized and nonhospitalized patients. Post\u2013COVID-19 symptoms were similar between hospitalized and nonhospitalized patients; however, lack of inclusion of uninfected controls limits the ability to assess the association of SARS-CoV-2 infection with overall and specific post\u2013COVID-19 symptoms 2 years after acute infection. Future studies should include uninfected control populations.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.42106","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,15]],"date-time":"2022-11-15T11:34:07Z","timestamp":1668512047000},"page":"e2242106","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":126,"title":["Post\u2013COVID-19 Symptoms 2 Years After SARS-CoV-2 Infection Among Hospitalized vs Nonhospitalized Patients"],"prefix":"10.1001","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"C\u00e9sar","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez-de-las-Pe\u00f1as","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-Jim\u00e9nez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ignacio","family":"Cancela-Cilleruelo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angel","family":"Guerrero-Peral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Headache Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Cl\u00ednico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 D.","family":"Mart\u00edn-Guerrero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intelligent Data Analysis Laboratory, Department of Electronic Engineering, ETSE (Engineering School), Universitat de Val\u00e8ncia, Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Garc\u00eda-Azor\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Headache Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Cl\u00ednico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Cornejo-Mazzuchelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gerencia de Atenci\u00f3n Primaria Valladolid Este, Valladolid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valent\u00edn","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Barrera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oscar J.","family":"Pellicer-Valero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intelligent Data Analysis Laboratory, Department of Electronic Engineering, ETSE (Engineering School), Universitat de 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