{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T22:51:40Z","timestamp":1792191100513,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"American Medical Association (AMA)","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAMA Netw Open"],"abstract":"\n Importance<\/jats:title>\n HIV self-testing (HIVST) is a promising strategy to expand the HIV care continuum, particularly among priority populations at high risk of HIV infection. However, little is known about HIVST uptake among men who have sex with men (MSM) outside of clinical trial settings.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n To evaluate HIVST use among urban MSM in the US who reported testing within the past 12 months.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Design, Setting, and Participants<\/jats:title>\n A cross-sectional study of adult MSM in the 2017 National HIV Behavioral Surveillance system, which used venue-based sampling methods to collect data related to HIV testing, receipt of prevention services, and risk factors for HIV, was conducted at 588 venues in 23 urban areas in the contiguous US and Puerto Rico. All participants were offered HIV testing. Adult cisgender MSM who reported HIV-negative or unknown HIV status and obtained HIV testing in the past 12 months were included. Data for this study were collected between June 4, 2017, and December 22, 2017, and analyzed between October 23, 2020, and August 20, 2021.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Main Outcomes and Measures<\/jats:title>\n Self-reported HIVST in the past year. Adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs) using survey weights were calculated to assess factors associated with HIVST.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n A total of 6563 MSM in 23 urban areas met inclusion criteria, of whom 506 (7.7%) individuals reported HIVST in the past year. The median age of self-testers was 29 (IQR, 25-35) years, 52.8% had completed college, and 37.9% reported non-Hispanic White race. One self-tester reported seroconverting in the prior 12 months, and an additional 10 self-testers were diagnosed with HIV during the survey. HIVST was associated with sexual orientation disclosure (aPR, 10.27; 95% CI, 3.45-30.60;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.001), perceived discrimination against people with HIV (aPR, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.09-2.03;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009.01), younger age (aPR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.66-0.84;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.001), higher educational level (aPR, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.04-1.37;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009.01), and higher income levels (aPR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.04-1.32;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009.009). No association was noted with condomless anal sex (aPR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.88-1.06,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009.88), sexually transmitted infections (aPR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.70-1.30;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009.77), or preexposure prophylaxis use (aPR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.75-1.30;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009.92).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions and Relevance<\/jats:title>\n In this study, HIVST was relatively uncommon in this sample of urban MSM. HIVST may not be reaching those with lower socioeconomic status or who have not disclosed their sexual identity. The findings of this study suggest that efforts to increase HIVST should focus on engaging underserved and vulnerable subgroups of MSM.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.47540","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,19]],"date-time":"2022-12-19T11:33:45Z","timestamp":1671449625000},"page":"e2247540","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["HIV Self-testing and Risk Behaviors Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in 23 US Cities, 2017"],"prefix":"10.1001","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Cedric H.","family":"Bien-Gund","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pamela A.","family":"Shaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Agnew-Brune","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of HIV Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy","family":"Baugher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of HIV Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathleen A.","family":"Brady","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of HIV Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia"},{"name":"AIDS Activities Coordinating Office, Philadelphia Department of Public Health, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Gross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia"},{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"NHBS Study Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pascale","family":"Wortley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the NHBS Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeff","family":"Todd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the NHBS Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Melton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the NHBS Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Colin","family":"Flynn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the NHBS Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danielle","family":"German","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the NHBS Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monina","family":"Klevens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the NHBS Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rose","family":"Doherty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the NHBS Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Conall","family":"O'Cleirigh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the NHBS Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie M.","family":"Schuette","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the NHBS Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Kern","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the NHBS Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio D.","family":"Jimenez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the NHBS Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathon","family":"Poe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the NHBS Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margaret","family":"Vaaler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the NHBS Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the NHBS Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alia","family":"Al-Tayyib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the NHBS Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melanie","family":"Mattson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the NHBS Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vivian","family":"Griffin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the NHBS Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily","family":"Higgins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the NHBS Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary-Grace","family":"Brandt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the NHBS Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salma","family":"Khuwaja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the NHBS Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zaida","family":"Lopez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the NHBS Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paige","family":"Padgett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the NHBS Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ekow Kwa","family":"Sey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the NHBS Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingbo","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the NHBS Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shanell L.","family":"McGoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the NHBS Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meredith","family":"Brantley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the NHBS Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Randi","family":"Rosack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the NHBS Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emma","family":"Spencer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the NHBS Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Willie","family":"Nixon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the NHBS Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Forrest","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the NHBS Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bridget","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the NHBS Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashley","family":"Tate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the NHBS Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meaghan","family":"Abrego","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the NHBS Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William T.","family":"Robinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the NHBS Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Narquis","family":"Barak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the NHBS Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeremy M.","family":"Beckford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the NHBS Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Braunstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the NHBS Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexis","family":"Rivera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the NHBS Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sidney","family":"Carrillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the NHBS Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Bolden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the NHBS Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Afework","family":"Wogayehu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the NHBS Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henry","family":"Godette","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the NHBS Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathleen A.","family":"Brady","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the NHBS Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chrysanthus","family":"Nnumolu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the NHBS Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Shinefeld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the NHBS Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sean","family":"Schafer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the NHBS Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E. Roberto","family":"Orellana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the NHBS Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amisha","family":"Bhattari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the NHBS Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Flynn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the NHBS Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosalinda","family":"Cano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the NHBS Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H. Fisher","family":"Raymond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the NHBS Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Theresa","family":"Ick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the NHBS Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra Miranda","family":"De Le\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the NHBS Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yadira","family":"Rol\u00f3n-Col\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the NHBS Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tom","family":"Jaenicke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the NHBS Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Glick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the NHBS Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Celestine","family":"Buyu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the NHBS Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toyah","family":"Reid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the NHBS Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"Diepstra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the NHBS Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jenevieve","family":"Opoku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the NHBS Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irene","family":"Kuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the NHBS Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monica","family":"Adams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the NHBS Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chrstine","family":"Agnew Brune","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the NHBS Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the NHBS Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Balaji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the NHBS Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dita","family":"Broz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the NHBS Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janet","family":"Burnett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the NHBS Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johanna","family":"Chapin-Bardales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the NHBS Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melissa","family":"Cribbin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the NHBS Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"YenTyng","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the NHBS Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Denning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the NHBS Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine","family":"Doyle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the NHBS Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teresa","family":"Finlayson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the NHBS Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Senad","family":"Handanagic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the NHBS Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brooke","family":"Hoots","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the NHBS Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wade","family":"Ivy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the NHBS Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathryn","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the NHBS Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rashunda","family":"Lewis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the NHBS Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lina","family":"Nerlander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the NHBS Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evelyn","family":"Olansky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the NHBS Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriela","family":"Paz-Bailey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the NHBS Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taylor","family":"Robbins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the NHBS Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catlainn","family":"Sionean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the NHBS Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the NHBS Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Templinskaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the NHBS Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lindsay","family":"Trujillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the NHBS Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cyprian","family":"Wejnert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the NHBS Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akilah","family":"Wise","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the NHBS Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingjing","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the NHBS Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,19]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"zoi221343r2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp058302","article-title":"Home testing for HIV.","volume":"354","author":"Wright","year":"2006","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"9847","key":"zoi221343r3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61585-2","article-title":"At-home HIV test poses dilemmas and opportunities.","volume":"380","author":"Arnold","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"11","key":"zoi221343r4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1687","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e32835fd7a0","article-title":"Rapid HIV self-testing: long in coming but opportunities beckon.","volume":"27","author":"Myers","year":"2013","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"issue":"5","key":"zoi221343r5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000001740","article-title":"Effect of HIV self-testing on the number of sexual partners among female sex workers in Zambia.","volume":"32","author":"Oldenburg","year":"2018","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"issue":"5","key":"zoi221343r6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-013-0630-x","article-title":"Attitude and behavior changes among gay and bisexual men after use of rapid home HIV tests to screen sexual partners.","volume":"18","author":"Frasca","year":"2014","journal-title":"AIDS Behav"},{"issue":"11","key":"zoi221343r7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002166","article-title":"Promoting partner testing and couples testing through secondary distribution of HIV self-tests: a randomized clinical trial.","volume":"13","author":"Masters","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"zoi221343r8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e241","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(17)30023-1","article-title":"Effect of availability of HIV self-testing on HIV testing frequency in gay and bisexual men at high risk of infection (FORTH): a waiting-list randomised controlled trial.","volume":"4","author":"Jamil","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet HIV"},{"issue":"5","key":"zoi221343r9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000001709","article-title":"HIV self-testing increases HIV testing frequency in high-risk men who have sex with men: a randomized controlled trial.","volume":"78","author":"Katz","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"issue":"1","key":"zoi221343r10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2019.5222","article-title":"eSTAMP Study Group. Effect of internet-distributed HIV self-tests on HIV diagnosis and behavioral outcomes in men who have sex with men: a randomized clinical trial.","volume":"180","author":"MacGowan","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"zoi221343r11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1949","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-015-1097-8","article-title":"Attitudes and acceptability on HIV self-testing among key populations: a literature review.","volume":"19","author":"Figueroa","year":"2015","journal-title":"AIDS Behav"},{"issue":"3","key":"zoi221343r12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofz043","article-title":"Attitudes and preferences regarding the use of rapid self-testing for sexually transmitted infections and HIV in San Diego area men who have sex with men.","volume":"6","author":"Cushman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"zoi221343r13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002779","article-title":"Preferences for HIV testing services among men who have sex with men in the UK: a discrete choice experiment.","volume":"16","author":"Miners","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"zoi221343r14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-018-2266-3","article-title":"Men who have sex with men (MSM) who have not previously tested for hiv: results from the MSM testing initiative, United States (2012-2015).","volume":"23","author":"Clark","year":"2019","journal-title":"AIDS Behav"},{"issue":"8","key":"zoi221343r17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e199818","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2019.9818","article-title":"Effect of prices, distribution strategies, and marketing on demand for HIV self-testing in Zimbabwe: a randomized clinical trial.","volume":"2","author":"Chang","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"2","key":"zoi221343r18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e8","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000001659","article-title":"Willingness to pay for HIV self-tests among women in Kenya: implications for subsidy and pricing policies.","volume":"78","author":"Thirumurthy","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"issue":"1","key":"zoi221343r19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/S2055-6640(20)31145-6","article-title":"HIV self-testing among key populations: an implementation science approach to evaluating self-testing.","volume":"1","author":"Tucker","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Virus Erad"},{"issue":"1","key":"zoi221343r20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000001726","article-title":"Using a social network strategy to distribute HIV self-test kits to African American and Latino MSM.","volume":"79","author":"Lightfoot","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"issue":"5S","key":"zoi221343r21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S48","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000001151","article-title":"#Testathome: implementing 2 phases of a HIV self-testing program through community-based organization partnerships in New York City.","volume":"47","author":"Hubbard","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"zoi221343r22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2020.0128","article-title":"Implementation of HIV self-testing program in New York City.","volume":"180","author":"Edelstein","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"zoi221343r23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000000724","article-title":"Hidden from health: structural stigma, sexual orientation concealment, and HIV across 38 countries in the European MSM internet survey.","volume":"29","author":"Pachankis","year":"2015","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"issue":"11","key":"zoi221343r24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3574","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-021-03262-4","article-title":"Stigma, HIV risk, and access to HIV prevention and treatment services among men who have sex with men (MSM) in the United States: a scoping review.","volume":"25","author":"Babel","year":"2021","journal-title":"AIDS Behav"},{"key":"zoi221343r25","first-page":"117","article-title":"Arguments for and against HIV self-testing.","volume":"6","author":"Wood","year":"2014","journal-title":"HIV AIDS (Auckl)"},{"issue":"5","key":"zoi221343r26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(11)70368-1","article-title":"Head-to-head comparison of accuracy of a rapid point-of-care HIV test with oral versus whole-blood specimens: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"12","author":"Pant Pai","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"zoi221343r27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-020-03034-6","article-title":"Willingness to participate in at-home HIV testing among young adults who use opioids in rural Appalachia.","volume":"25","author":"Ballard","year":"2021","journal-title":"AIDS Behav"},{"issue":"4","key":"zoi221343r28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e206","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(21)00022-9","article-title":"The potential effect of COVID-19\u2013related disruptions on HIV incidence and HIV-related mortality among men who have sex with men in the USA: a modelling study.","volume":"8","author":"Mitchell","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet HIV"},{"issue":"7","key":"zoi221343r29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2024","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-020-02894-2","article-title":"Characterizing the impact of COVID-19 on men who have sex with men across the United States in April, 2020.","volume":"24","author":"Sanchez","year":"2020","journal-title":"AIDS Behav"},{"key":"zoi221343r1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. HIV Surveillance Report. Diagnoses of HIV infection in the United States and dependent areas, 2019. Volume 32. May 2021. Accessed August 13, 2021. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/hiv\/pdf\/library\/reports\/surveillance\/cdc-hiv-surveillance-report-2018-updated-vol-32.pdf"},{"key":"zoi221343r15","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. HIV Surveillance Report. No. 22. HIV infection risk, prevention, and testing behaviors among men who have sex with men\u2014national HIV behavioral surveillance, 23 US cities, 2017. February 2019. Accessed February 22, 2020. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/hiv\/pdf\/library\/reports\/surveillance\/cdc-hiv-surveillance-special-report-number-22.pdf"},{"key":"zoi221343r16","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National HIV behavioral surveillance: round 5.? 2019. Accessed August 12, 2021. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/hiv\/pdf\/library\/reports\/surveillance\/cdc-hiv-surveillance-report-2018-updated-vol-32.pdf"}],"container-title":["JAMA Network Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jamanetworkopen\/articlepdf\/2799686\/biengund_2022_oi_221343_1670855960.1705.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,19]],"date-time":"2022-12-19T11:33:51Z","timestamp":1671449631000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jamanetworkopen\/fullarticle\/2799686"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,19]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.47540","relation":{},"ISSN":["2574-3805"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2574-3805","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,19]]}}}