{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T19:07:33Z","timestamp":1792609653637,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"American Medical Association (AMA)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAMA Netw Open"],"abstract":"Importance<\/jats:title>Improved, efficient, and acceptable treatments are needed for combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Objective<\/jats:title>To determine the efficacy of 2 compressed prolonged exposure (PE) therapy outpatient treatments for combat-related PTSD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Design, Setting, and Participants<\/jats:title>This randomized clinical trial was conducted among military personnel and veterans at 4 sites in Texas from 2017 to 2019. Assessors were blinded to conditions. Data were analyzed from November 2020 to October 2022.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Interventions<\/jats:title>The interventions were massed-PE, which included 15 therapy sessions of 90 minutes each over 3 weeks, vs intensive outpatient program PE (IOP-PE), which included 15 full-day therapy sessions over 3 weeks with 8 treatment augmentations. The IOP-PE intervention was hypothesized to be superior to massed-PE.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Main Outcomes and Measures<\/jats:title>Coprimary outcomes included the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders<\/jats:italic> (Fifth Edition) (DSM-5<\/jats:italic>) (CAPS-5) and the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5<\/jats:italic> (PCL-5) administered at baseline and posttreatment follow-ups. Measures ranged from 0 to 80, with higher scores indicating greater severity. Diagnostic remission and reliable change were secondary outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>Among 319 military personnel and veterans screened, 234 were randomized (mean [SD] age, 39.20 [7.72] years; 182 [78%] male participants), with 117 participants randomized to IOP-PE and 117 participants randomized to massed-PE. A total of 61 participants (26%) were African American, 58 participants (25%) were Hispanic, and 102 participants (44%) were White; 151 participants (65%) were married. Linear mixed-effects models found that CAPS-5 scores decreased in both treatment groups at the 1-month follow-up (IOP-PE: mean difference, \u221213.85 [95% CI, \u221216.47 to \u221211.23]; P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.001; massed-PE: mean difference, \u221214.13 [95% CI, \u221216.63 to \u221211.62]; P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.001). CAPS-5 change scores differed from 1- to 6-month follow-ups (mean difference, 4.44 [95% CI, 0.89 to 8.01]; P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.02). PTSD symptoms increased in massed-PE participants during follow-up (mean difference, 3.21 [95% CI, 0.65 to 5.77]; P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.01), whereas IOP-PE participants maintained treatment gains (mean difference, 1.23 [95% CI, \u22123.72 to 1.27]; P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.33). PCL-5 scores decreased in both groups from baseline to 1-month follow-up (IOP-PE: mean difference, \u221221.81 [95% CI, \u221225.57 to \u221218.04]; P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.001; massed-PE: mean difference, \u221219.96 [95% CI, \u221223.56 to \u221216.35]; P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.001) and were maintained at 6 months (IOP-PE: mean change, \u22120.21 [95% CI, \u22123.47 to 3.06]; P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.90; massed-PE: mean change, 3.02 [95% CI, \u22120.36 to 6.40]; P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.08). Both groups had notable PTSD diagnostic remission at posttreatment (IOP-PE: 48% [95% CI, 36% to 61%] of participants; massed-PE: 62% [95% CI, 51% to 73%] of participants), which was maintained at 6 months (IOP-PE: 53% [95% CI, 40% to 66%] of participants; massed-PE: 52% [95% CI, 38% to 66%] of participants). Most participants demonstrated reliable change on the CAPS-5 (61% [95% CI, 52% to 69%] of participants) and the PCL-5 (74% [95% CI, 66% to 81%] of participants) at the 1-month follow-up.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusions and Relevance<\/jats:title>These findings suggest that PE can be adapted into compressed treatment formats that effectively reduce PTSD symptoms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Trial Registration<\/jats:title>ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03529435<\/jats:ext-link><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.49422","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,5]],"date-time":"2023-01-05T16:33:26Z","timestamp":1672936406000},"page":"e2249422","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Massed vs Intensive Outpatient Prolonged Exposure for Combat-Related Posttraumatic Stress Disorder"],"prefix":"10.1001","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Alan L.","family":"Peterson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio"},{"name":"Research and Development Service, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio"},{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tabatha H.","family":"Blount","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edna B.","family":"Foa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for the Treatment and Study of Anxiety, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lily A.","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for the Treatment and Study of Anxiety, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmen P.","family":"McLean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dissemination and Training Division, National Center for PTSD, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Menlo Park, California"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jim","family":"Mintz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio"},{"name":"Research and Development Service, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio"},{"name":"Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard P.","family":"Schobitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Behavioral Health, Brooke Army Medical Center, Joint Base San Antonio-Fort Sam Houston, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bryann R.","family":"DeBeer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VISN-17 Center of Excellence for Returning War Veterans, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Waco"},{"name":"Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center for Suicide Prevention, Department of Veterans Affairs, Aurora, Colorado"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Mignogna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VISN-17 Center of Excellence for Returning War Veterans, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Waco"},{"name":"Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center for Suicide Prevention, Department of Veterans Affairs, Aurora, Colorado"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brooke A.","family":"Fina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wyatt R.","family":"Evans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samantha","family":"Synett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio"},{"name":"VISN-17 Center of Excellence for Returning War Veterans, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Waco"},{"name":"Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center for Suicide Prevention, Department of Veterans Affairs, Aurora, Colorado"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brittany N.","family":"Hall-Clark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy O.","family":"Rentz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Development Service, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Schrader","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Behavioral Health, Carl R. Darnall Army Medical Center, Fort Hood, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey S.","family":"Yarvis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Behavioral Health, Carl R. Darnall Army Medical Center, Fort Hood, Texas"},{"name":"School of Social Work, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine A.","family":"Dondanville","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hunter","family":"Hansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanessa M.","family":"Jacoby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jose","family":"Lara-Ruiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio"},{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Casey L.","family":"Straud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio"},{"name":"Research and Development Service, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio"},{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Willie J.","family":"Hale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio"},{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dhiya","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio"},{"name":"Research and Development Service, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauren M.","family":"Koch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelsi M.","family":"Gerwell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stacey","family":"Young-McCaughan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio"},{"name":"Research and Development Service, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brett T.","family":"Litz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts"},{"name":"Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston"},{"name":"Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric C.","family":"Meyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VISN-17 Center of Excellence for Returning War Veterans, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Waco"},{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Science and Technology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abby E.","family":"Blankenship","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Douglas E.","family":"Williamson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina"},{"name":"Durham VA Health Care System, Durham, North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John D.","family":"Roache","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio"},{"name":"Research and Development Service, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin A.","family":"Javors","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allah-Fard M.","family":"Sharrieff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Behavioral Health, Carl R. Darnall Army Medical Center, Fort Hood, Texas"},{"name":"Department of Homeland Security, Miami, Florida"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara L.","family":"Niles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts"},{"name":"Behavioral Science Division, National Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Terence M.","family":"Keane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts"},{"name":"Behavioral Science Division, National Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"Consortium to Alleviate PTSD","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,5]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9-10","key":"zoi221402r1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/usab496","article-title":"General perspective on the U.S. military conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan after 20 years.","volume":"187","author":"Peterson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mil Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"zoi221402r3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.3109\/00048670903393597","article-title":"Prevalence estimates of combat-related post-traumatic stress disorder: critical review.","volume":"44","author":"Richardson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"zoi221402r7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.7205\/MILMED-D-15-00187","article-title":"Mental health and comorbidities in U.S. military members.","volume":"181","author":"Crum-Cianflone","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mil Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"zoi221402r8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1097\/MLR.0000000000000806","article-title":"The burden of mental illness among veterans: use of VHA health care services by those with service-connected conditions.","volume":"55","author":"Maynard","year":"2017","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"issue":"2","key":"zoi221402r9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E30","DOI":"10.1097\/HTR.0000000000000308","article-title":"The deployment trauma phenotype and employment status in veterans of the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan.","volume":"33","author":"Amick","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Head Trauma Rehabil"},{"issue":"1","key":"zoi221402r10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1037\/ccp0000350","article-title":"PTSD symptom clusters and suicide attempts among high-risk military service members: a three-month prospective investigation.","volume":"87","author":"Stanley","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol"},{"key":"zoi221402r12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cct.2021.106583","article-title":"STRONG STAR and the Consortium to Alleviate PTSD: shaping the future of combat PTSD and related conditions in military and veteran populations.","volume":"110","author":"Peterson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Contemp Clin Trials"},{"issue":"5","key":"zoi221402r13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.59.5.715","article-title":"Treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder in rape victims: a comparison between cognitive-behavioral procedures and counseling.","volume":"59","author":"Foa","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol"},{"issue":"4","key":"zoi221402r14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.21242","article-title":"Effect of prolonged exposure therapy delivered over 2 weeks vs 8 weeks vs present-centered therapy on PTSD symptom severity in military personnel: a randomized clinical trial.","volume":"319","author":"Foa","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"12","key":"zoi221402r15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1980","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291718002714","article-title":"The pattern of symptom change during prolonged exposure therapy and present-centered therapy for PTSD in active duty military personnel.","volume":"49","author":"Brown","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"zoi221402r16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1177\/0145445512446945","article-title":"A scheme for categorizing traumatic military events.","volume":"36","author":"Stein","year":"2012","journal-title":"Behav Modif"},{"issue":"8","key":"zoi221402r17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1037\/tra0000465","article-title":"An epidemiological evaluation of trauma types in a cohort of deployed service members.","volume":"11","author":"Presseau","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychol Trauma"},{"key":"zoi221402r18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1037\/tra0000240","article-title":"Different types of combat experiences and associated symptoms in OEF and OIF National Guard and reserve veterans.","volume":"9","author":"Shea","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychol Trauma"},{"issue":"1","key":"zoi221402r19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-018-1816-6","article-title":"Evaluating patterns and predictors of symptom change during a three-week intensive outpatient treatment for veterans with PTSD.","volume":"18","author":"Zalta","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"zoi221402r20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/20008198.2021.1917878","article-title":"Intensive outpatient treatment for PTSD: a pilot feasibility study combining prolonged exposure therapy, EMDR, physical activity, and psychoeducation.","volume":"12","author":"Brynhildsvoll Auren","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Psychotraumatol"},{"key":"zoi221402r21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/usaa394","article-title":"Disability status attenuates treatment effects in an intensive outpatient program for PTSD.","volume":"186","author":"Hoyt","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mil Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"zoi221402r22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1037\/ser0000422","article-title":"An intensive outpatient program with prolonged exposure for veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder: retention, predictors, and patterns of change.","volume":"18","author":"Rauch","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psychol Serv"},{"issue":"4","key":"zoi221402r24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1037\/ser0000204","article-title":"Associations between residential treatment length, PTSD, and outpatient healthcare utilization among veterans.","volume":"15","author":"Banducci","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychol Serv"},{"issue":"16","key":"zoi221402r25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1549","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.6046","article-title":"Catastrophic health consequences of the war in Ukraine.","volume":"327","author":"Fontanarosa","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"zoi221402r26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cct.2018.07.016","article-title":"Intensive prolonged exposure therapy for combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder: design and methodology of a randomized clinical trial.","volume":"72","author":"Peterson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Contemp Clin Trials"},{"issue":"3","key":"zoi221402r27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1037\/pas0000486","article-title":"The Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-5 (CAPS-5): development and initial psychometric evaluation in military veterans.","volume":"30","author":"Weathers","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychol Assess"},{"issue":"2","key":"zoi221402r30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1037\/1040-3590.11.2.124","article-title":"Psychometric properties of nine scoring rules for the Clinician-Administered Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Scale.","volume":"11","author":"Weathers","year":"1999","journal-title":"Psychol Assess"},{"issue":"3","key":"zoi221402r31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1002\/(ISSN)1520-6394","article-title":"Clinician-administered PTSD scale: a review of the first ten years of research.","volume":"13","author":"Weathers","year":"2001","journal-title":"Depress Anxiety"},{"issue":"6","key":"zoi221402r32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.22059","article-title":"The Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5): development and initial psychometric evaluation.","volume":"28","author":"Blevins","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Trauma Stress"},{"issue":"11","key":"zoi221402r33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1379","DOI":"10.1037\/pas0000254","article-title":"Psychometric properties of the PTSD Checklist for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Fifth Edition (PCL-5) in veterans.","volume":"28","author":"Bovin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychol Assess"},{"issue":"11","key":"zoi221402r34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1392","DOI":"10.1037\/pas0000260","article-title":"Psychometric analysis of the PTSD Checklist-5 (PCL-5) among treatment-seeking military service members.","volume":"28","author":"Wortmann","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychol Assess"},{"key":"zoi221402r36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1097\/00004850-199606003-00015","article-title":"The measurement of disability.","volume":"11","author":"Sheehan","year":"1996","journal-title":"Int Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"issue":"2","key":"zoi221402r37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1097\/YIC.0b013e3282f2b4d6","article-title":"Assessing treatment effects in clinical trials with the discan metric of the Sheehan Disability Scale.","volume":"23","author":"Sheehan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"zoi221402r38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2007.11.018","article-title":"The psychometric validation of the Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS) in patients with bipolar disorder.","volume":"165","author":"Arbuckle","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"zoi221402r39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT","article-title":"Psychometric evaluation of the Sheehan Disability Scale in adult patients with attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder.","volume":"10","author":"Coles","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat"},{"issue":"5","key":"zoi221402r40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1682\/JRRD.2011.09.0162","article-title":"Assessment of posttraumatic stress disorder-related functional impairment: a review.","volume":"49","author":"Rodriguez","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Rehabil Res Dev"},{"issue":"2","key":"zoi221402r41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1037\/ser0000306","article-title":"Psychometric properties of a brief measure of posttraumatic stress disorder-related impairment: the Brief Inventory of Psychosocial Functioning.","volume":"17","author":"Kleiman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychol Serv"},{"issue":"1","key":"zoi221402r42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cct.2012.10.009","article-title":"The need for expanded monitoring of adverse events in behavioral health clinical trials.","volume":"34","author":"Peterson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Contemp Clin Trials"},{"issue":"1","key":"zoi221402r43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.59.1.12","article-title":"Clinical significance: a statistical approach to defining meaningful change in psychotherapy research.","volume":"59","author":"Jacobson","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol"},{"issue":"12","key":"zoi221402r44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2070","DOI":"10.1002\/jclp.2018.74.issue-12","article-title":"Examining the effectiveness of an intensive, 2-week treatment program for military personnel and veterans with PTSD: results of a pilot, open-label, prospective cohort trial.","volume":"74","author":"Bryan","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Psychol"},{"issue":"3","key":"zoi221402r45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2013.13040552","article-title":"A randomized controlled trial of 7-day intensive and standard weekly cognitive therapy for PTSD and emotion-focused supportive therapy.","volume":"171","author":"Ehlers","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"zoi221402r46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2021.07.004","article-title":"Treatment response trajectories in a three-week CPT-based intensive treatment for veterans with PTSD.","volume":"141","author":"Held","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"zoi221402r47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1007\/s40501-020-00219-7","article-title":"Advances in PTSD treatment delivery: evidence base and future directions for intensive outpatient programs.","volume":"7","author":"Ragsdale","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr Treat Options Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"zoi221402r48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.8370","article-title":"Psychotherapy for military-related PTSD: a review of randomized clinical trials.","volume":"314","author":"Steenkamp","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"zoi221402r2","volume-title":"Invisible Wounds of War: Psychological and Cognitive Injuries, Their Consequences, and Services to Assist Recovery","author":"Tanielian","year":"2008"},{"key":"zoi221402r4","volume-title":"Treatment for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Military and Veteran Populations: Final Assessment","author":"Committee on the Assessment of Ongoing Efforts in the Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder","year":"2014"},{"key":"zoi221402r5","volume-title":"Post 9\/11 Trends in Medical Separation and Separation for Service Members with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Traumatic Brain Injury","author":"Krull","year":"2021"},{"key":"zoi221402r6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596","volume-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2013","edition":"5th ed"},{"key":"zoi221402r11","volume-title":"Military Medicine","author":"Peterson","year":"2021"},{"key":"zoi221402r23","volume-title":"Long and Short Duration Inpatient Treatment Programs for the Treatment of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: A Review of the Comparative Effectiveness and Guidelines","author":"Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health","year":"2016"},{"key":"zoi221402r28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/med:psych\/9780195308501.001.0001","volume-title":"Prolonged Exposure Therapy for PTSD: Emotional Processing of Traumatic Experiences: Therapist Guide","author":"Foa","year":"2007"},{"key":"zoi221402r29","first-page":"46","volume-title":"Prolonged exposure therapy","author":"Peterson","year":"2019","edition":"2nd ed"},{"key":"zoi221402r35","volume-title":"The Anxiety Disease","author":"Sheehan","year":"1983"}],"container-title":["JAMA Network Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jamanetworkopen\/articlepdf\/2800086\/peterson_2023_oi_221402_1671571360.98215.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,5]],"date-time":"2023-01-05T16:33:41Z","timestamp":1672936421000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jamanetworkopen\/fullarticle\/2800086"}},"subtitle":["A Randomized Clinical Trial"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,5]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,3]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.49422","relation":{},"ISSN":["2574-3805"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2574-3805","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,5]]}}}