{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,25]],"date-time":"2026-10-25T13:22:10Z","timestamp":1792934530104,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":89,"publisher":"American Medical Association (AMA)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAMA Netw Open"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"ab-zoi230031-4\"><jats:title>Importance<\/jats:title><jats:p>Intracranial metastatic disease (IMD) is a severe complication of cancer with profound prognostic implications. Patients with IMD in the setting of limited or stable extracranial disease (IMD-SE) may represent a unique and understudied subset of patients with IMD with superior prognosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"ab-zoi230031-5\"><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and intracranial PFS (iPFS) in patients with IMD-SE secondary to any primary cancer.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"ab-zoi230031-6\"><jats:title>Data Sources<\/jats:title><jats:p>Records were identified from MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, and gray literature sources from inception to June 21, 2021.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"ab-zoi230031-7\"><jats:title>Study Selection<\/jats:title><jats:p>Studies in English reporting OS, PFS, or iPFS in patients with IMD-SE (defined as IMD and \u22642 extracranial metastatic sites) and no prior second-line chemotherapy or brain-directed therapy were selected.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"ab-zoi230031-8\"><jats:title>Data Extraction and Synthesis<\/jats:title><jats:p>Author, year of publication, type of study, type of primary cancer, and outcome measures were extracted. Random-effects meta-analyses were performed to estimate effect sizes, and subgroup meta-analysis and metaregression were conducted to measure between-study differences in February 2022.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"ab-zoi230031-9\"><jats:title>Main Outcomes and Measures<\/jats:title><jats:p>The primary end point was OS described as hazard ratios (HRs) and medians for comparative and single-group studies, respectively. Secondary end points were PFS and iPFS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"ab-zoi230031-10\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Overall, 68 studies (5325 patients) were included. IMD-SE was associated with longer OS (HR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.39-0.70) and iPFS (HR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.52-0.76) compared with IMD in the setting of progressive extracranial disease. The weighted median OS estimate for patients with IMD-SE was 17.9 months (95% CI, 16.4-22.0 months), and for patients with IMD-PE it was 8.0 months (95% CI, 7.2-12.8 months). Pooled median OS for all patients with IMD-SE was 20.9 months (95% CI, 16.35-25.98 months); for the subgroup with breast cancer it was 20.2 months (95% CI, 10.43-38.20 months), and for non\u2013small cell lung cancer it was 27.5 months (95% CI, 18.27-49.66 months). Between-study heterogeneity for OS and iPFS were moderate (<jats:italic>I<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup><\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200956.5%) and low (<jats:italic>I<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup><\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090%), respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"ab-zoi230031-11\"><jats:title>Conclusions and Relevance<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this systematic review and meta-analysis of patients with IMD-SE, limited systemic disease was associated with improved OS and iPFS. Future prospective trials should aim to collect granular information on the extent of extracranial disease to identify drivers of mortality and optimal treatment strategies in patients with brain metastases.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.0475","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,23]],"date-time":"2023-02-23T16:01:48Z","timestamp":1677168108000},"page":"e230475","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Association of Brain Metastases With Survival in Patients With Limited or Stable Extracranial Disease"],"prefix":"10.1001","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Alyssa Y.","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karolina","family":"Gaebe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amna","family":"Zulfiqar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grace","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katarzyna J.","family":"Jerzak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Division of Medical Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arjun","family":"Sahgal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven","family":"Habbous","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ontario Health (Cancer Care Ontario), Toronto, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anders W.","family":"Erickson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sunit","family":"Das","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, St Michael\u2019s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,23]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"zoi230031r1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-018-0055-y","article-title":"Brain metastases.","volume":"5","author":"Achrol","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"issue":"1","key":"zoi230031r2","article-title":"Incidence and real-world burden of brain metastases from solid tumors and hematologic malignancies in Ontario: a population-based study.","volume":"3","author":"Habbous","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurooncol Adv"},{"issue":"2","key":"zoi230031r3","first-page":"119","article-title":"Significance of the number of brain metastases for identifying patients who don\u2019t need whole brain radiotherapy: implication as oligometastases of the brain.","volume":"2","author":"Nogi","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Radiosurg SBRT"},{"issue":"4","key":"zoi230031r4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2011.38.0527","article-title":"Summary report on the graded prognostic assessment: an accurate and facile diagnosis-specific tool to estimate survival for patients with brain metastases.","volume":"30","author":"Sperduto","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"4","key":"zoi230031r5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(14)70061-0","article-title":"Stereotactic radiosurgery for patients with multiple brain metastases (JLGK0901): a multi-institutional prospective observational study.","volume":"15","author":"Yamamoto","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"zoi230031r6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1038\/s41523-021-00220-0","article-title":"Dual- versus single-agent HER2 inhibition and incidence of intracranial metastatic disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"7","author":"Erickson","year":"2021","journal-title":"NPJ Breast Cancer"},{"issue":"6","key":"zoi230031r7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1038\/nrclinonc.2011.44","article-title":"Oligometastases revisited.","volume":"8","author":"Weichselbaum","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Rev Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"5","key":"zoi230031r8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.6028\/jres.087.022","article-title":"Consensus values and weighting factors.","volume":"87","author":"Paule","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Res Natl Bur Stand (1977)"},{"key":"zoi230031r9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-12-9","article-title":"Enhanced secondary analysis of survival data: reconstructing the data from published Kaplan-Meier survival curves.","volume":"12","author":"Guyot","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"},{"issue":"15","key":"zoi230031r10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2521","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.6111","article-title":"Meta-analysis of single-arm survival studies: a distribution-free approach for estimating summary survival curves with random effects.","volume":"33","author":"Combescure","year":"2014","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"zoi230031r11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.v38.6","article-title":"One-sample aggregate data meta-analysis of medians.","volume":"38","author":"McGrath","year":"2019","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"zoi230031r12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1136\/ebmental-2019-300117","article-title":"How to perform a meta-analysis with R: a practical tutorial.","volume":"22","author":"Balduzzi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Evid Based Ment Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"zoi230031r13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v036.i03","article-title":"Conducting meta-analyses in R with the metafor package.","volume":"36","author":"Viechtbauer","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Stat Softw"},{"issue":"3","key":"zoi230031r15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1002\/jrsm.1053","article-title":"GOSH - a graphical display of study heterogeneity.","volume":"3","author":"Olkin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Res Synth Methods"},{"issue":"18","key":"zoi230031r16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2641","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.v21:18","article-title":"A graphical method for exploring heterogeneity in meta-analyses: application to a meta-analysis of 65 trials.","volume":"21","author":"Baujat","year":"2002","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"zoi230031r17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1002\/jrsm.v1:2","article-title":"Outlier and influence diagnostics for meta-analysis.","volume":"1","author":"Viechtbauer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Res Synth Methods"},{"issue":"11","key":"zoi230031r18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1539","DOI":"10.1002\/(ISSN)1097-0258","article-title":"Quantifying heterogeneity in a meta-analysis.","volume":"21","author":"Higgins","year":"2002","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"issue":"7109","key":"zoi230031r19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.315.7109.629","article-title":"Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test.","volume":"315","author":"Egger","year":"1997","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"MAY","key":"zoi230031r20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2019.00377","article-title":"Linac-based radiosurgery for patients with brain oligometastases from a breast primary, in the trastuzumab era-impact of tumor phenotype and prescribed SRS dose.","volume":"9","author":"Armstrong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"issue":"2","key":"zoi230031r21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-015-1932-9","article-title":"Brain metastasis from melanoma: the prognostic value of varying sites of extracranial disease.","volume":"125","author":"Bates","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Neurooncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"zoi230031r22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cllc.2020.07.011","article-title":"Management of non-small-cell lung cancer patients initially diagnosed with 1 to 3 synchronous brain-only metastases: a retrospective study.","volume":"22","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Lung Cancer"},{"key":"zoi230031r24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1352","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2019.01352","article-title":"Stereotactic radiation therapy (SRT) for brain metastases of multiple primary tumors: a single institution retrospective analysis.","volume":"9","author":"Gu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"zoi230031r25","first-page":"43","article-title":"Predictors of long-term survival following radical treatment of oligometastatic NSCLC with cerebral metastases.","volume":"194","author":"Hirschmann","year":"2018","journal-title":"Strahlenther Onkol"},{"issue":"6","key":"zoi230031r26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2009.9.FOCUS09191","article-title":"Stereotactic radiosurgery boost to the resection bed for oligometastatic brain disease: challenging the tradition of adjuvant whole-brain radiotherapy.","volume":"27","author":"Karlovits","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurosurg Focus"},{"issue":"3","key":"zoi230031r27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1269\/jrr.90130","article-title":"Outcome of stereotactic radiosurgery for patients with non-small cell lung cancer metastatic to the brain.","volume":"51","author":"Mariya","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Radiat Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"zoi230031r28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S647","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2011.06.1909","article-title":"The effect of systemic disease status on overall survival and CNS disease control in patients with newly diagnosed brain oligometastases and treated with stereotactic radiosurgery alone.","volume":"81","author":"Mitin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"issue":"1","key":"zoi230031r29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1007\/s13566-013-0116-5","article-title":"The role of systemic disease status in treatment outcomes for patients with newly diagnosed brain oligometastases and treated with stereotactic radiosurgery alone.","volume":"3","author":"Mitin","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Radiat Oncol"},{"issue":"1072","key":"zoi230031r30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.20170022","article-title":"Outcome appraisal of patients with limited brain metastases (BMs) from non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with different local therapeutic strategies: a single institute evaluation.","volume":"90","author":"Pessina","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br J Radiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"zoi230031r31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2011.05.032","article-title":"A pooled analysis of arc-based image-guided simultaneous integrated boost radiation therapy for oligometastatic brain metastases.","volume":"102","author":"Rodrigues","year":"2012","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"issue":"7","key":"zoi230031r32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1007\/s00066-011-2228-4","article-title":"Whole-brain radiotherapy combined with surgery or stereotactic radiotherapy in patients with brain oligometastases: long-term analysis.","volume":"187","author":"D\u2019Agostino","year":"2011","journal-title":"Strahlenther Onkol"},{"issue":"10","key":"zoi230031r33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2588","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdx332","article-title":"Whole brain radiotherapy after stereotactic radiosurgery or surgical resection among patients with one to three brain metastases and favorable prognoses: a secondary analysis of EORTC 22952-26001.","volume":"28","author":"Churilla","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"issue":"9422","key":"zoi230031r34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1665","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)16250-8","article-title":"Whole brain radiation therapy with or without stereotactic radiosurgery boost for patients with one to three brain metastases: phase III results of the RTOG 9508 randomised trial.","volume":"363","author":"Andrews","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"4","key":"zoi230031r35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1007\/s00432-020-03134-9","article-title":"Treatment patterns and survival after 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography\/computed tomography-guided local consolidation therapy for oligometastatic non-small cell lung cancer: a two-center propensity score-matched analysis.","volume":"146","author":"Song","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Cancer Res Clin Oncol"},{"key":"zoi230031r36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2019.12.001","article-title":"Treatment of oligometastatic lung cancer with brain metastases using stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) and stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT).","volume":"21","author":"Nikitas","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Transl Radiat Oncol"},{"issue":"3","key":"zoi230031r37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adro.2019.03.005","article-title":"Synchronous oligometastatic non-small cell lung cancer managed with curative-intent chemoradiation therapy: long-term outcomes from a single institution.","volume":"4","author":"Yegya-Raman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv Radiat Oncol"},{"issue":"4","key":"zoi230031r38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2018.10.029","article-title":"Synchronous oligometastatic lung cancer deserves a dedicated management.","volume":"107","author":"Loi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"zoi230031r39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4207","DOI":"10.2147\/OTT","article-title":"Survival prognostic factors for patients with synchronous brain oligometastatic non-small-cell lung carcinoma receiving local therapy.","volume":"9","author":"Bai","year":"2016","journal-title":"Onco Targets Ther"},{"issue":"3","key":"zoi230031r40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2012.09.011","article-title":"Survival of patients treated surgically for synchronous single-organ metastatic NSCLC and advanced pathologic TN stage.","volume":"78","author":"Collaud","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lung Cancer"},{"issue":"12","key":"zoi230031r42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5463","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd","article-title":"Surgical outcomes of stage IV non-small cell lung cancer: a single-center experience.","volume":"11","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Thorac Dis"},{"issue":"12","key":"zoi230031r43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6540","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd","article-title":"Surgery of primary non-small cell lung cancer with oligometastasis: analysis of 172 cases.","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Thorac Dis"},{"issue":"7","key":"zoi230031r44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1055\/s-00000085","article-title":"Surgery of primary lung cancer with oligometastatic m1b synchronous single brain metastasis: analysis of 37 cases.","volume":"62","author":"Cheufou","year":"2014","journal-title":"Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"zoi230031r45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2012.05.051","article-title":"Surgery for oligometastatic non-small cell lung cancer: long-term results from a single center experience.","volume":"144","author":"Congedo","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"zoi230031r46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12569","DOI":"10.2147\/CMAR.S272369","article-title":"Stereotactic radiosurgery of brain metastasis in patients with a poor prognosis: effective or overtreatment?","volume":"12","author":"Harat","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer Manag Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"zoi230031r47","first-page":"617","article-title":"Stereotactic radiosurgery for metastatic brain tumors.","volume":"8","author":"Chamberlain","year":"1996","journal-title":"Int J Oncol"},{"issue":"3","key":"zoi230031r48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2006.105.3.375","article-title":"Results of a phase II trial of the GliaSite radiation therapy system for the treatment of newly diagnosed, resected single brain metastases.","volume":"105","author":"Rogers","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"5","key":"zoi230031r49","first-page":"3055","article-title":"Radiosurgery or fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy plus whole-brain radioherapy in brain oligometastases: a long-term analysis.","volume":"35","author":"Balducci","year":"2015","journal-title":"Anticancer Res"},{"key":"zoi230031r50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2019.12.019","article-title":"Radiosurgery and fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy in oligometastatic\/oligoprogressive non-small cell lung cancer patients: results of a multi-institutional series of 198 patients treated with \u201ccurative\u201d intent.","volume":"141","author":"Buglione","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lung Cancer"},{"issue":"1","key":"zoi230031r51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2013.07.023","article-title":"Radical treatment of synchronous oligometastatic non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC): patient outcomes and prognostic factors.","volume":"82","author":"Griffioen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lung Cancer"},{"issue":"5","key":"zoi230031r52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1594","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2016.08.098","article-title":"Pulmonary resection for synchronous M1b-cStage IV non-small cell lung cancer patients.","volume":"103","author":"Yamaguchi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"zoi230031r53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2014.01.052","article-title":"A prospective study of surgical procedures for patients with oligometastatic non-small cell lung cancer.","volume":"98","author":"Endo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"zoi230031r54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2012.02.054","article-title":"Prognostic impact of radiation therapy to the primary tumor in patients with non-small cell lung cancer and oligometastasis at diagnosis.","volume":"84","author":"Lopez Guerra","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"issue":"4","key":"zoi230031r55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0214599","article-title":"Prognostic differences between oligometastatic and polymetastatic extensive disease-small cell lung cancer.","volume":"14","author":"Shirasawa","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"4","key":"zoi230031r56","first-page":"558","article-title":"Predictors of neurologic and nonneurologic death in patients with brain metastasis initially treated with upfront stereotactic radiosurgery without whole-brain radiation therapy.","volume":"19","author":"McTyre","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuro Oncol"},{"issue":"MAY","key":"zoi230031r57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2015.00110","article-title":"Predictors for long-term survival free from whole brain radiation therapy in patients treated with radiosurgery for limited brain metastases.","volume":"5","author":"Gorovets","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"issue":"10","key":"zoi230031r58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S464","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2019.08.963","article-title":"P1.04-60 impact of metastatic location on survival in stage-IV non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with immunotherapy.","volume":"14","author":"Naqash","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Thorac Oncol"},{"key":"zoi230031r59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2019.07.009","article-title":"Outcomes of patients with disease recurrence after treatment for locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer detected by routine follow-up CT scans versus a symptom driven evaluation.","volume":"135","author":"Bodor","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lung Cancer"},{"issue":"1","key":"zoi230031r60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1038\/s41523-021-00235-7","article-title":"Outcomes of changing systemic therapy in patients with relapsed breast cancer and 1 to 3 brain metastases.","volume":"7","author":"Alhalabi","year":"2021","journal-title":"NPJ Breast Cancer"},{"issue":"6","key":"zoi230031r61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0157869","article-title":"Outcome evaluation of oligometastatic patients treated with surgical resection followed by hypofractionated stereotactic radiosurgery (HSRS) on the tumor bed, for single, large brain metastases.","volume":"11","author":"Pessina","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"6","key":"zoi230031r62","first-page":"S612","article-title":"Oligometastases in NSCLC patients: Is surgery justified?","volume":"6","author":"Pikin","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Thorac Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"zoi230031r63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-016-2680-8","article-title":"Oligo-recurrence predicts favorable prognosis of brain-only oligometastases in patients with non-small cell lung cancer treated with stereotactic radiosurgery or stereotactic radiotherapy: a multi-institutional study of 61 subjects.","volume":"16","author":"Niibe","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"zoi230031r64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S28","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-8140(15)40058-1","article-title":"OC-0058: SIB-IMRT in patients with &lt; 5 brain metastases: phase I trial final results (ISIDE-BM-1).","volume":"115","author":"Macchia","year":"2015","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"issue":"2","key":"zoi230031r65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2016.09.043","article-title":"Multi-institutional nomogram predicting survival free from salvage whole brain radiation after radiosurgery in patients with brain metastases.","volume":"97","author":"Gorovets","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"issue":"3","key":"zoi230031r66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1696","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd","article-title":"Long-term survival without surgery in NSCLC patients with synchronous brain oligometastasis: systemic chemotherapy revisited.","volume":"10","author":"Sato","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Thorac Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"zoi230031r67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rpor.2020.03.001","article-title":"Long-term survival results after treatment for oligometastatic brain disease.","volume":"25","author":"Nieder","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rep Pract Oncol Radiother"},{"issue":"10","key":"zoi230031r68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S941","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2018.08.1756","article-title":"Long-term survival for brain-only oligometastatic NSCLC patients treated with ablative therapy (AT): prognostic factors.","volume":"13","author":"Salvador Coloma","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Thorac Oncol"},{"issue":"5","key":"zoi230031r69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2014.08.249","article-title":"Local treatment improves survival in NSCLC patients with synchronous brain oligometastases.","volume":"90","author":"Guo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"zoi230031r70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2018.09.021","article-title":"Local ablative treatment for synchronous single organ oligometastatic lung cancer-a propensity score analysis of 180 patients.","volume":"125","author":"Frost","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lung Cancer"},{"issue":"1","key":"zoi230031r71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.6553","article-title":"Late Brain oligometastases diagnosed at least 36 months after cancer detection are associated with favorable survival outcome.","volume":"12","author":"Nieder","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"1","key":"zoi230031r72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2016.09.020","article-title":"Intensity modulated radiation therapy with simultaneous integrated boost in patients with brain oligometastases: a phase 1 study (ISIDE-BM-1).","volume":"97","author":"Ferro","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"zoi230031r73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fsurg.2021.645870","article-title":"In spite of curative radical pulmonary procedures, lesser pulmonary resection shows more favorable prognosis in surgically treated NSCLC with synchronous isolated cranial oligometastases.","volume":"8","author":"Kaba","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"zoi230031r74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S320","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2014.05.1062","article-title":"Improving patient selection for stereotactic radiosurgery as the initial radiation therapy approach for brain metastases.","volume":"90","author":"Gorovets","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"issue":"1","key":"zoi230031r75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cllc.2019.07.007","article-title":"Improved overall survival with comprehensive local consolidative therapy in synchronous oligometastatic non-small-cell lung cancer.","volume":"21","author":"Mitchell","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Lung Cancer"},{"issue":"3","key":"zoi230031r76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(03)00014-2","article-title":"Hypofractionated stereotactic radiotherapy alone without whole-brain irradiation for patients with solitary and oligo brain metastasis using noninvasive fixation of the skull.","volume":"56","author":"Aoyama","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"issue":"3","key":"zoi230031r77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clbc.2020.08.008","article-title":"Effect of surgery at primary and metastatic sites in patients with stage IV breast cancer.","volume":"21","author":"Bilani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Breast Cancer"},{"issue":"15","key":"zoi230031r78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2019.37.15_suppl.e13582","article-title":"Effect of oligometastatic disease management with stereotactic body radiation therapy on survival in patients with metastatic lung cancer.","volume":"37","author":"Raez","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"zoi230031r79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S779","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2016.11.1045","article-title":"Does surgery have real benefit in resectable oligometastatic NSCLC?","volume":"12","author":"Pikin","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Thorac Oncol"},{"issue":"7","key":"zoi230031r80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1093\/jjco\/hyz079","article-title":"Curative thoraco-systemic therapy plus local treatment to the brain for extensive disease-small-cell lung cancer with metastasis only to the brain.","volume":"49","author":"Shibata","year":"2019","journal-title":"Jpn J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"6","key":"zoi230031r81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1007\/s11748-020-01568-z","article-title":"Clinical significance of bifocal treatment for synchronous brain metastasis in T1-2 non-small-cell lung cancers: JNETS0301.","volume":"69","author":"Suzuki","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gen Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"issue":"8","key":"zoi230031r82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1093\/jjco\/hyq044","article-title":"Clinical outcomes of stereotactic brain and\/or body radiotherapy for patients with oligometastatic lesions.","volume":"40","author":"Inoue","year":"2010","journal-title":"Jpn J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"zoi230031r83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S380","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-8140(19)31160-0","article-title":"Can HSRS on tumor bed replace WBRT in resected brain metastases? Results of a phase II study.","volume":"133","author":"Navarria","year":"2019","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"issue":"4","key":"zoi230031r84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S125","DOI":"10.1016\/S1556-0864(18)30483-0","article-title":"Brain oligometastases in NSCLC: Therapeutic effect and prognostic factors of WBRT combined with intracarotid infusion of elemene.","volume":"13","author":"Xu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Thorac Oncol"},{"issue":"2","key":"zoi230031r85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2014.06.001","article-title":"Aggressive therapy for patients with non-small cell lung carcinoma and synchronous brain-only oligometastatic disease is associated with long-term survival.","volume":"85","author":"Gray","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lung Cancer"},{"issue":"2","key":"zoi230031r86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2010.30.1655","article-title":"Adjuvant whole-brain radiotherapy versus observation after radiosurgery or surgical resection of one to three cerebral metastases: results of the EORTC 22952-26001 study.","volume":"29","author":"Kocher","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"zoi230031r87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2020.04.003","article-title":"Defining oligometastatic disease from a radiation oncology perspective: an ESTRO-ASTRO consensus document.","volume":"148","author":"Lievens","year":"2020","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"zoi230031r88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1038\/s41416-020-01175-y","article-title":"Treatment strategies for breast cancer brain metastases.","volume":"124","author":"Bailleux","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"issue":"1","key":"zoi230031r89","article-title":"Medical management of brain metastases.","volume":"2","author":"Lauko","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurooncol Adv"},{"key":"zoi230031r14","author":"Pandey","year":"2020"},{"key":"zoi230031r23","first-page":"1496","article-title":"A 3D quantitative imaging biomarker in pre-treatment MRI predicts overall survival after stereotactic radiation therapy of patients with a singular brain metastasis.","volume-title":"Acta Radiol","author":"Della Seta","year":"2019"},{"key":"zoi230031r41","first-page":"593","article-title":"Survival impact of aggressive treatment and PD-L1 expression in oligometastatic NSCLC.","volume-title":"Curr Oncol","author":"Gauvin","year":"2021"}],"container-title":["JAMA Network Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jamanetworkopen\/articlepdf\/2801743\/li_2023_oi_230031_1676399886.26225.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,23]],"date-time":"2023-02-23T16:01:57Z","timestamp":1677168117000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jamanetworkopen\/fullarticle\/2801743"}},"subtitle":["A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,23]]},"references-count":89,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.0475","relation":{},"ISSN":["2574-3805"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2574-3805","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,23]]}}}