{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T06:18:26Z","timestamp":1788589106458,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"American Medical Association (AMA)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAMA Netw Open"],"abstract":"Importance<\/jats:title>There is some data to suggest that racial and ethnic minority infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) have poorer clinical outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Objective<\/jats:title>To determine what patient- and institutional-level factors are associated with racial and ethnic differences in CDH mortality.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Design, Setting, and Participants<\/jats:title>Multicenter cohort study of 49 US children\u2019s hospitals using the Pediatric Health Information System database from January 1, 2015, to December 31, 2020. Participants were patients with CDH admitted on day of life 0 who underwent surgical repair. Patient race and ethnicity were guardian-reported vs hospital assigned as Black, Hispanic (White or Black), or White. Data were analyzed from August 2021 to March 2022.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Exposures<\/jats:title>Patient race and ethnicity: (1) White vs Black and (2) White vs Hispanic; and institutional-level diversity (as defined by the percentage of Black and Hispanic patients with CDH at each hospital): (1) 30% or less, (2) 31% to 40%, and (3) more than 40%.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Main Outcomes and Measures<\/jats:title>The primary outcomes were in-hospital and 60-day mortality. The study hypothesized that hospitals managing a more racially and ethnically diverse population of patients with CDH would be associated with lower mortality among Black and Hispanic infants.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>Among 1565 infants, 188 (12%), 306 (20%), and 1071 (68%) were Black, Hispanic, and White, respectively. Compared with White infants, Black infants had significantly lower gestational ages (mean [SD], White: 37.6 [2] weeks vs Black: 36.6 [3] weeks; difference, 1 week; 95% CI for difference, 0.6-1.4; P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.001), lower birthweights (White: 3.0 [1.0] kg vs Black: 2.7 [1.0] kg; difference, 0.3 kg; 95% CI for difference, 0.2-0.4; P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.001), and higher extracorporeal life support use (White: 316 patients [30%] vs Black: 69 patients [37%]; \u03c72<\/jats:sup>1<\/jats:sub>\u2009=\u20093.9; P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.05). Black infants had higher 60-day (White: 99 patients [9%] vs Black: 29 patients [15%]; \u03c72<\/jats:sup>1<\/jats:sub>\u2009=\u20096.7; P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.01) and in-hospital (White: 133 patients [12%] vs Black: 40 patients [21%]; \u03c72<\/jats:sup>1<\/jats:sub>\u2009=\u200910.6; P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.001) mortality . There were no mortality differences in Hispanic patients compared with White patients. On regression analyses, institutional diversity of 31% to 40% in Black patients (hazard ratio [HR], 0.17; 95% CI, 0.04-0.78; P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.02) and diversity greater than 40% in Hispanic patients (HR, 0.37; 95% CI, 0.15-0.89; P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.03) were associated with lower mortality without altering outcomes in White patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusions and Relevance<\/jats:title>In this cohort study of 1565 who underwent surgical repair patients with CDH, Black infants had higher 60-day and in-hospital mortality after adjusting for disease severity. Hospitals treating a more racially and ethnically diverse patient population were associated with lower mortality in Black and Hispanic patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.10800","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,28]],"date-time":"2023-04-28T15:34:03Z","timestamp":1682696043000},"page":"e2310800","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Outcomes Among Newborns with Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia"],"prefix":"10.1001","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Shelby R.","family":"Sferra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of General Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pooja S.","family":"Salvi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annalise B.","family":"Penikis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of General Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennine H.","family":"Weller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of General Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph K.","family":"Canner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of General Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abigail J.","family":"Engwall-Gill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of General Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel S.","family":"Rhee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of General Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph M.","family":"Collaco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins Children\u2019s Center, Baltimore, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amaris M.","family":"Keiser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins Children\u2019s Center, Baltimore, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel G.","family":"Solomon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaun M.","family":"Kunisaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of General Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,28]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"zoi230340r1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardfail.2021.05.027","article-title":"Racial and ethnic disparities persist in the current era of pediatric heart transplantation.","volume":"27","author":"Amdani","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Card Fail"},{"issue":"2","key":"zoi230340r2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2011.03888.x","article-title":"Racial disparities in pediatric access to kidney transplantation: does socioeconomic status play a role?","volume":"12","author":"Patzer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"issue":"3","key":"zoi230340r3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1007\/s40615-020-00811-w","article-title":"Association between race and ethnicity with intraoperative analgesic administration and initial recovery room pain scores in pediatric patients: a single-center study of 21,229 surgeries.","volume":"8","author":"Jette","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Racial Ethn Health Disparities"},{"issue":"3","key":"zoi230340r4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0000000000002160","article-title":"A review of racial\/ethnic disparities in pediatric trauma care, treatment, and outcomes.","volume":"86","author":"LaPlant","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Trauma Acute Care Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"zoi230340r5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2016.07.009","article-title":"Health disparities in infants with hypertrophic pyloric stenosis.","volume":"214","author":"Feliz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"key":"zoi230340r6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2021.01.071","article-title":"Racial and ethnic disparities in utilization of tonsillectomy among Medicaid-insured children.","volume":"233","author":"Pecha","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"3","key":"zoi230340r7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000005329","article-title":"Racial disparities in failure to rescue following unplanned reoperation in pediatric surgery.","volume":"132","author":"Willer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"zoi230340r8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2022.110905","article-title":"Racial disparities in postoperative morbidity and mortality among high-risk pediatric surgical patients.","volume":"81","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Anesth"},{"issue":"3","key":"zoi230340r9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.2989","article-title":"Association of race and family socioeconomic status with pediatric postoperative mortality.","volume":"5","author":"Willer","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"4","key":"zoi230340r10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1111\/chd.2017.12.issue-4","article-title":"Current trends in racial, ethnic, and healthcare disparities associated with pediatric cardiac surgery outcomes.","volume":"12","author":"Peterson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Congenit Heart Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"zoi230340r11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.v20.1","article-title":"Racial and socioeconomic disparities in pediatric and young adult liver transplant outcomes.","volume":"20","author":"Thammana","year":"2014","journal-title":"Liver Transpl"},{"issue":"4","key":"zoi230340r12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-016-3530-2","article-title":"Racial-ethnic disparities in mortality and kidney transplant outcomes among pediatric dialysis patients.","volume":"32","author":"Laster","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"issue":"3","key":"zoi230340r13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2017-0918","article-title":"Racial\/ethnic disparity in NICU quality of care delivery.","volume":"140","author":"Profit","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"zoi230340r14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2020.12.018","article-title":"Racial disparities in survival outcomes following pediatric in-hospital cardiac arrest.","volume":"159","author":"Haskell","year":"2021","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"issue":"4","key":"zoi230340r15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e979","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2010-0188","article-title":"Technical report\u2013racial and ethnic disparities in the health and health care of children.","volume":"125","author":"Flores","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"10","key":"zoi230340r16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1111\/pan.v30.10","article-title":"Epidemiology of pediatric surgery in the United States.","volume":"30","author":"Rabbitts","year":"2020","journal-title":"Paediatr Anaesth"},{"issue":"3","key":"zoi230340r17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2020-024091","article-title":"Hospital quality of care and racial and ethnic disparities in unexpected newborn complications.","volume":"148","author":"Glazer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"7","key":"zoi230340r18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cppeds.2006.03.001","article-title":"Pediatric health disparities.","volume":"36","author":"Oberg","year":"2006","journal-title":"Curr Probl Pediatr Adolesc Health Care"},{"issue":"4","key":"zoi230340r19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2021.151411","article-title":"Unequal care: racial\/ethnic disparities in neonatal intensive care delivery.","volume":"45","author":"Ravi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Semin Perinatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"zoi230340r20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2019.0241","article-title":"Racial segregation and inequality in the neonatal intensive care unit for very low-birth-weight and very preterm infants.","volume":"173","author":"Horbar","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"issue":"2","key":"zoi230340r21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2018-3114","article-title":"Racial\/ethnic disparities in neonatal intensive care: a systematic review.","volume":"144","author":"Sigurdson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"2","key":"zoi230340r22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2019-1688","article-title":"Disparities in neonatal intensive care: context matters.","volume":"144","author":"Barfield","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"2","key":"zoi230340r23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2016.3926","article-title":"Quantifying the burden of interhospital cost variation in pediatric surgery: implications for the prioritization of comparative effectiveness research.","volume":"171","author":"Cameron","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"zoi230340r24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.5603\/GP.a2017.0005","article-title":"Congenital diaphragmatic hernia: pathogenesis, prenatal diagnosis and management - literature review.","volume":"88","author":"Kosinski","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ginekol Pol"},{"issue":"1","key":"zoi230340r25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-022-00362-w","article-title":"Congenital diaphragmatic hernia.","volume":"8","author":"Zani","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"issue":"3","key":"zoi230340r26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1053\/j.sempedsurg.2017.04.008","article-title":"Congenital diaphragmatic hernia-associated pulmonary hypertension.","volume":"26","author":"Harting","year":"2017","journal-title":"Semin Pediatr Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"zoi230340r27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2027030","article-title":"Randomized trial of fetal surgery for severe left diaphragmatic hernia.","volume":"385","author":"Deprest","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"zoi230340r28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2022.09.042","article-title":"Morbidity in children after fetoscopic endoluminal tracheal occlusion for severe congenital diaphragmatic hernia: Results from a multidisciplinary clinic.","volume":"58","author":"Sferra","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"zoi230340r29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e256","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000003928","article-title":"Survival benefit associated with the use of extracorporeal life support for neonates with congenital diaphragmatic hernia.","volume":"275","author":"Jancelewicz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"issue":"12","key":"zoi230340r30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2022.05.011","article-title":"Postnatal care setting and survival after fetoscopic tracheal occlusion for severe congenital diaphragmatic hernia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"57","author":"Sferra","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"zoi230340r31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1336","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2010.02.105","article-title":"Survival disparities in newborns with congenital diaphragmatic hernia: a national perspective.","volume":"45","author":"Sola","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"issue":"11","key":"zoi230340r32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1002\/bdr2.v109.11","article-title":"Survival Disparities Associated with Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia.","volume":"109","author":"Hinton","year":"2017","journal-title":"Birth Defects Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"zoi230340r33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1650","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2013.01.043","article-title":"The effect of race and gender on pediatric surgical outcomes within the United States.","volume":"48","author":"Stone","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"zoi230340r34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2010.08.010","article-title":"Linking clinical registry data with administrative data using indirect identifiers: implementation and validation in the congenital heart surgery population.","volume":"160","author":"Pasquali","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"issue":"7","key":"zoi230340r35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2011.122","article-title":"Hospital utilization and characteristics of patients experiencing recurrent readmissions within children\u2019s hospitals.","volume":"305","author":"Berry","year":"2011","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"4","key":"zoi230340r36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2015.4440","article-title":"Association of social determinants with children\u2019s hospitals\u2019 preventable readmissions performance.","volume":"170","author":"Sills","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"issue":"9596","key":"zoi230340r37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61602-X","article-title":"The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies.","volume":"370","author":"von Elm","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"zoi230340r38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2021.721353","article-title":"Social factors predictive of intensive care utilization in technology-dependent children, a retrospective multicenter cohort study.","volume":"9","author":"Slain","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Pediatr"},{"key":"zoi230340r39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2431-14-199","article-title":"Pediatric complex chronic conditions classification system version 2: updated for ICD-10 and complex medical technology dependence and transplantation.","volume":"14","author":"Feudtner","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr"},{"issue":"5","key":"zoi230340r40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2009.01.023","article-title":"Effect of hospital case volume on outcome in congenital diaphragmatic hernia: the experience of the Canadian Pediatric Surgery Network.","volume":"44","author":"Grushka","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"issue":"9","key":"zoi230340r41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1055\/s-00000009","article-title":"Case volume and outcomes of congenital diaphragmatic hernia surgery in academic medical centers.","volume":"32","author":"Kane","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Perinatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"zoi230340r42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.33710","article-title":"Racial and ethnic differences in emergency department diagnostic imaging at US children\u2019s hospitals, 2016-2019.","volume":"4","author":"Marin","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"4","key":"zoi230340r45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/154.4.291","article-title":"Commentary: considerations for use of racial\/ethnic classification in etiologic research.","volume":"154","author":"Kaufman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"zoi230340r46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2011.01.060","article-title":"Racial and ethnic disparities in post-operative mortality following congenital heart surgery.","volume":"159","author":"Oster","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"6","key":"zoi230340r47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1570","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2020.06.015","article-title":"Association between race\/ethnicity, illness severity, and mortality in children undergoing cardiac surgery.","volume":"160","author":"Tjoeng","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"issue":"9","key":"zoi230340r48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2022.2663","article-title":"Association of racial disparities with in-hospital outcomes in severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia.","volume":"176","author":"Lewis","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"issue":"8","key":"zoi230340r49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1111\/acem.2017.24.issue-8","article-title":"A systematic review of the impact of physician implicit racial bias on clinical decision making.","volume":"24","author":"Dehon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acad Emerg Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"zoi230340r51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1067\/mai.2001.117796","article-title":"Ethnic differences in asthma and associated phenotypes: collaborative study on the genetics of asthma.","volume":"108","author":"Lester","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"zoi230340r52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1177\/003335490512000203","article-title":"Rethinking race\/ethnicity, income, and childhood asthma: racial\/ethnic disparities concentrated among the very poor.","volume":"120","author":"Smith","year":"2005","journal-title":"Public Health Rep"},{"key":"zoi230340r54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2022.829902","article-title":"Social determinants of disparities in mortality outcomes in congenital heart disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"9","author":"Tran","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"zoi230340r55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.3390\/children9030394","article-title":"A critical review on the complex interplay between social determinants of health and maternal and infant mortality.","volume":"9","author":"Dagher","year":"2022","journal-title":"Children (Basel)"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"zoi230340r56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1038\/pr.2015.199","article-title":"The role of social determinants in explaining racial\/ethnic disparities in perinatal outcomes.","volume":"79","author":"Lorch","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"zoi230340r57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1808","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2020.03.028","article-title":"The impact of social determinants of health on children with asthma.","volume":"8","author":"Federico","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"issue":"5","key":"zoi230340r58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-020-01126-6","article-title":"Racism and social injustice as determinants of child health: the American Pediatric Society issue of the year.","volume":"88","author":"Abman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"zoi230340r59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-0158","article-title":"Enhancing the diversity of the pediatrician workforce.","volume":"119","author":"Friedman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"4","key":"zoi230340r60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1105","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2013-2268","article-title":"Enhancing pediatric workforce diversity and providing culturally effective pediatric care: implications for practice, education, and policy making.","volume":"132","author":"Committee on pediatric workforce","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"5","key":"zoi230340r61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCOUTCOMES.120.007778","article-title":"Provider Care team segregation and operative mortality following coronary artery bypass grafting.","volume":"14","author":"Hollingsworth","year":"2021","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes"},{"issue":"35","key":"zoi230340r62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21194","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1913405117","article-title":"Physician-patient racial concordance and disparities in birthing mortality for newborns.","volume":"117","author":"Greenwood","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"1","key":"zoi230340r63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1097\/00115514-200801000-00004","article-title":"Racial and ethnic disparities: why diversity leadership matters.","volume":"53","author":"Dreachslin","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Healthc Manag"},{"issue":"4","key":"zoi230340r64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1097\/PEC.0000000000000453","article-title":"Language matters: race, trust, and outcomes in the pediatric emergency department.","volume":"32","author":"Fields","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pediatr Emerg Care"},{"issue":"3","key":"zoi230340r65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000005113","article-title":"Mortality in congenital diaphragmatic hernia: a multicenter registry study of over 5000 patients over 25 years.","volume":"277","author":"Gupta","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"zoi230340r44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4899-3242-6","volume-title":"Generalized Linear Models","author":"McCullagh","year":"1989","edition":"2nd ed"},{"key":"zoi230340r53","volume-title":"Mohanty A. Income and Poverty in the United States: 2018","author":"Semega","year":"2020"},{"key":"zoi230340r43","unstructured":"United States Census Bureau. 2020 Census illuminates racial and ethnic composition of the country. 2021. Accessed August 31, 2022. https:\/\/www.census.gov\/library\/stories\/2021\/08\/improved-race-ethnicity-measures-reveal-united-states-population-much-more-multiracial.html#:~:text=The%20largest%20Multiracial%20combinations%20in,Other%20Race%20(1%20million)"},{"key":"zoi230340r50","unstructured":"US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Social determinants of health. January 19, 2023. Accessed February 17, 2023. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/publichealthgateway\/sdoh\/index.html"}],"container-title":["JAMA Network Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jamanetworkopen\/articlepdf\/2804256\/sferra_2023_oi_230340_1681936720.20383.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,28]],"date-time":"2023-04-28T15:34:12Z","timestamp":1682696052000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jamanetworkopen\/fullarticle\/2804256"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,28]]},"references-count":65,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,3]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.10800","relation":{},"ISSN":["2574-3805"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2574-3805","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,28]]}}}