{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T17:33:40Z","timestamp":1793813620279,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"American Medical Association (AMA)","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAMA Netw Open"],"abstract":"Importance<\/jats:title>Childhood obesity is a risk factor associated with type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and mental disorders later in life. Investigation of the parallel effects of a defined exercise program on cardiometabolic and mental health in children with overweight or obesity may provide new insights on the potential benefits of exercise on overall health.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Objective<\/jats:title>To investigate the effects of a 20-week exercise program on cardiometabolic and mental health in children with overweight or obesity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Design, Setting, and Participants<\/jats:title>This secondary analysis of a parallel-group randomized clinical trial was conducted in Granada, Spain, from November 1, 2014, to June 30, 2016. Data analyses were performed between February 1, 2020, and July 14, 2022. Children with overweight or obesity aged 8 to 11 years were eligible, and the study was performed in an out-of-school context.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Intervention<\/jats:title>The exercise program included 3 to 5 sessions\/wk (90 min\/session) of aerobic plus resistance training for 20 weeks. The wait-list control group continued with their usual routines.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Main Outcomes and Measures<\/jats:title>Cardiometabolic outcomes as specified in the trial protocol included body composition (fat mass, fat-free mass, and visceral adipose tissue), physical fitness (cardiorespiratory, speed-agility, and muscular), and traditional risk factors (waist circumference, blood lipid levels, glucose levels, insulin levels, and blood pressure). Cardiometabolic risk score (z<\/jats:italic> score) was calculated based on age and sex reference values for levels of triglycerides, inverted high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and glucose, the mean of systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and waist circumference. An additional cardiometabolic risk score also included cardiorespiratory fitness. Mental health outcomes included an array of psychological well-being and ill-being indicators.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>The 92 participants included in the per-protocol analyses (36 girls [39%] and 56 boys [61%]) had a mean (SD) age of 10.0 (1.1) years. The exercise program reduced the cardiometabolic risk score by\u2009approximately\u20090.38 (95% CI, \u22120.74 to \u22120.02) SDs; decreased low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level by \u22127.00 (95% CI, \u221214.27 to 0.37) mg\/dL (to convert to mmol\/L, multiply by 0.0259), body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared) by \u22120.59 (95% CI, \u22121.06 to \u22120.12), fat mass index by \u22120.67 (95% CI, \u22121.01 to \u22120.33), and visceral adipose tissue by \u221231.44 (95% CI, \u221258.99 to \u22123.90) g; and improved cardiorespiratory fitness by 2.75 (95% CI, 0.22-5.28) laps in the exercise group compared with the control group. No effects were observed on mental health outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusions and Relevance<\/jats:title>In this secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial, an aerobic plus resistance exercise program improved cardiometabolic health in children with overweight or obesity but had no effect on mental health.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Trial Registration<\/jats:title>ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02295072<\/jats:ext-link><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.24839","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,27]],"date-time":"2023-07-27T15:32:23Z","timestamp":1690471943000},"page":"e2324839","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":69,"title":["Effects of an Exercise Program on Cardiometabolic and Mental Health in Children With Overweight or Obesity"],"prefix":"10.1001","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Jairo H.","family":"Migueles","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute, University of Granada, Granada, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Cadenas-Sanchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute, University of Granada, Granada, Spain"},{"name":"CIBER (Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red) de Fisiopatolog\u00eda de la Obesidad y Nutrici\u00f3n, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Granada, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California"},{"name":"Palo Alto Health Care System, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Palo Alto, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David R.","family":"Lubans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Active Living and Learning, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia"},{"name":"Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4, Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pontus","family":"Henriksson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Link\u00f6ping University, Link\u00f6ping, Sweden."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucia V.","family":"Torres-Lopez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute, University of Granada, Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Rodriguez-Ayllon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute, University of Granada, Granada, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abel","family":"Plaza-Florido","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute, University of Granada, Granada, Spain"},{"name":"Pediatric Exercise and Genomics Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California at Irvine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jose J.","family":"Gil-Cosano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute, University of Granada, Granada, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Communication and Education, Universidad Loyola Andaluc\u00eda, Dos Hermanas, Sevilla, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanna","family":"Henriksson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Link\u00f6ping University, Link\u00f6ping, Sweden."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Victoria","family":"Escolano-Margarit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics. 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