{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T13:12:18Z","timestamp":1789477938514,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"American Medical Association (AMA)","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAMA Netw Open"],"abstract":"Importance<\/jats:title>Research has found associations of pregnancy-specific alcohol policies with increased low birth weight and preterm birth, but associations with other infant outcomes are unknown.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Objective<\/jats:title>To examine the associations of pregnancy-specific alcohol policies with infant morbidities and maltreatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Design, Setting, and Participants<\/jats:title>This retrospective cohort study used outcome data from Merative MarketScan, a national database of private insurance claims. The study cohort included individuals aged 25 to 50 years who gave birth to a singleton between 2006 and 2019 in the US, had been enrolled 1 year before and 1 year after delivery, and could be matched with an infant. Data were analyzed from August 2021 to April 2023.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Exposures<\/jats:title>Nine state-level pregnancy-specific alcohol policies obtained from the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism\u2019s Alcohol Policy Information System.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Main Outcomes and Measures<\/jats:title>The primary outcomes were 1 or more infant injuries associated with maltreatment and infant morbidities associated with maternal alcohol consumption within the first year. Logistic regression, adjusting for individual-level and state-level controls, and fixed effects for state, year, state-specific time trends, and SEs clustered by state were used.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>A total of 1\u202f432\u202f979 birthing person\u2013infant pairs were included (mean [SD] age of birthing people, 32.2 [4.2] years); 30\u202f157 infants (2.1%) had injuries associated with maltreatment, and 44\u202f461 (3.1%) infants had morbidities associated with alcohol use during pregnancy. The policies of Reporting Requirements for Assessment\/Treatment (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.28; 95% CI, 1.08-1.52) and Mandatory Warning Signs (aOR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.10-1.27) were associated with increased odds of infant injuries but not morbidities. Priority Treatment for Pregnant Women Only was associated with decreased odds of infant injuries (aOR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.76-0.90) but not infant morbidities. Civil Commitment was associated with increased odds of infant injuries (aOR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.08-1.48) but decreased odds of infant morbidities (aOR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.53-0.62). Priority Treatment for Pregnant Women and Women With Children was associated with increased odds of both infant injuries (aOR, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.00-1.25) and infant morbidities (aOR, 1.08; 95% CI, 1.03-1.13). Reporting Requirements for Child Protective Services, Reporting Requirements for Data, Child Abuse\/Neglect, and Limits on Criminal Prosecution were not associated with infant injuries or morbidities.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusions and Relevance<\/jats:title>In this cohort study, most pregnancy-specific alcohol policies were not associated with decreased odds of infant injuries or morbidities. Policy makers should not assume that pregnancy-specific alcohol policies improve infant health.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.27138","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,3]],"date-time":"2023-08-03T15:32:53Z","timestamp":1691076773000},"page":"e2327138","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Association of Pregnancy-Specific Alcohol Policies With Infant Morbidities and Maltreatment"],"prefix":"10.1001","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Sarah C. 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