{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T22:09:34Z","timestamp":1793398174642,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"American Medical Association (AMA)","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAMA Netw Open"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"ab-zoi231041-4\"><jats:title>Importance<\/jats:title><jats:p>Multiple cases of autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases after COVID-19 have been reported. However, their incidences and risks have rarely been quantified.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"ab-zoi231041-5\"><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate the incidences and risks of autoimmune and autoinflammatory connective tissue disorders after COVID-19.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"ab-zoi231041-6\"><jats:title>Design, Setting, and Participants<\/jats:title><jats:p>This was a retrospective population-based study conducted between October 8, 2020, and December 31, 2021, that used nationwide data from the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency COVID-19 National Health Insurance Service cohort and included individuals who received a diagnosis of COVID-19 via polymerase chain reaction testing and a control group with no evidence of COVID-19 identified from National Health Insurance Service of Korea cohort. Data analysis was conducted from September 2022 to August 2023.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"ab-zoi231041-7\"><jats:title>Exposures<\/jats:title><jats:p>Receipt of diagnosis of COVID-19.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"ab-zoi231041-8\"><jats:title>Main Outcomes and Measures<\/jats:title><jats:p>The primary outcomes were the incidence and risk of autoimmune and autoinflammatory connective tissue disorders following COVID-19. A total of 32 covariates, including demographics, socioeconomic statuses, lifestyle factors, and comorbidity profiles, were balanced through inverse probability weighting. The incidences and risks of autoimmune and autoinflammatory connective tissue disorders were compared between the groups using multivariable Cox proportional hazard analyses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"ab-zoi231041-9\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 354\u202f527 individuals with COVID-19 (mean [SD] age, 52.24 [15.55] years; 179\u202f041 women [50.50%]) and 6\u202f134\u202f940 controls (mean [SD] age, 52.05 [15.63] years; 3\u202f074\u202f573 women [50.12%]) were included. The risks of alopecia areata (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.12; 95% CI, 1.05-1.19), alopecia totalis (aHR, 1.74; 95% CI, 1.39-2.17), antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody\u2013associated vasculitis (aHR, 2.76; 95% CI, 1.64-4.65), Crohn disease (aHR, 1.68; 95% CI, 1.31-2.15), and sarcoidosis (aHR, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.00-2.52) were higher in the COVID-19 group. The risks of alopecia totalis, psoriasis, vitiligo, vasculitis, Crohn disease, ulcerative colitis, rheumatoid arthritis, adult-onset Still disease, Sj\u00f6gren syndrome, ankylosing spondylitis, and sarcoidosis were associated with the severity of COVID-19.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"ab-zoi231041-10\"><jats:title>Conclusions and Relevance<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this retrospective cohort study, COVID-19 was associated with a substantial risk for autoimmune and autoinflammatory connective tissue disorders, indicating that long-term management of patients with COVID-19 should include evaluation for such disorders.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.36120","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,6]],"date-time":"2023-10-06T15:31:17Z","timestamp":1696606277000},"page":"e2336120","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":115,"title":["Autoimmune and Autoinflammatory Connective Tissue Disorders Following 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