{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T07:08:03Z","timestamp":1792480083703,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"American Medical Association (AMA)","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAMA Netw Open"],"abstract":"Importance<\/jats:title>The COVID-19 pandemic has been associated with a transient decrease in bronchiolitis hospitalizations compared with prepandemic patterns, but current effects remain unknown.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Objective<\/jats:title>To analyze changes in patterns of bronchiolitis admissions at US children\u2019s hospitals during the 2020-2023 bronchiolitis seasons compared with the 2010-2019 seasons.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Design, Setting, and Participants<\/jats:title>This retrospective cross-sectional study used data from 41 US children\u2019s hospitals in the Pediatric Health Information System database. Bronchiolitis has winter-predominant seasonality, so hospitalizations were grouped according to bronchiolitis season (from July through June). This study included all patients aged younger than 2 years admitted with a diagnosis of bronchiolitis between July 1, 2010, and June 30, 2023. Bronchiolitis seasons from July through June between 2010-2011 and 2019-2020 were classified as the prepandemic era, and seasons between 2020-2021 and 2022-2023 were classified as the pandemic era. Data analysis was performed from July 1, 2010, through June 30, 2023.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Exposures<\/jats:title>Admission date.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Main Outcomes and Measures<\/jats:title>The primary outcome was number of hospitalizations for bronchiolitis by season and month. Monthly admission counts from the prepandemic era were transformed into time series and used to train seasonal ensemble forecasting models. Forecasts were compared to monthly admissions during the pandemic era.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>In this study, there were 400\u202f801 bronchiolitis admissions among 349\u202f609 patients between July 1, 2010, and June 30, 2023. The median patient age was 6 (IQR, 2-12) months; 58.7% were boys and 43.7% were White. Hospitalizations increased gradually during the prepandemic era (median, 29\u202f309 [IQR, 26\u202f196-34\u202f157]), decreased 69.2% (n\u2009=\u20099030) in the 2020-2021 season, and increased 75.3% (n\u2009=\u200951\u202f397) in the 2022-2023 season. Patients in the pandemic era were older than those in the prepandemic era (median, 7 [IQR, 3-14] vs 6 [2-12] months; P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.001). Intensive care unit (ICU) admissions increased from 32.2% (96\u202f245 of 298\u202f535) in the prepandemic era to 36.7% (37\u202f516 of 102\u202f266) in the pandemic era (P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.001). The seasonality of bronchiolitis admissions changed during the pandemic era. Admissions peaked in August 2021 (actual 5036 vs 943 [95% CI, 0-2491] forecasted) and November 2022 (actual 10\u202f120 vs 5268 [95% CI, 3425-7419] forecasted). These findings were unchanged in sensitivity analyses excluding children with complex chronic conditions and excluding repeat admissions. In a sensitivity analysis including all viral lower respiratory tract infections in children aged younger than 5 years, there were 66\u202f767 admissions in 2022-2023 vs 35\u202f623 (31\u202f301-41\u202f002) in the prepandemic era, with the largest increase in children aged 24 to 59 months.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusions and Relevance<\/jats:title>The findings of this cross-sectional study suggest that bronchiolitis hospitalizations decreased transiently and then increased markedly during the COVID-19 pandemic era. Patients admitted during the pandemic era were older and were more likely to be admitted to an ICU. These findings suggest that bronchiolitis seasonality has not yet returned to prepandemic patterns, and US hospitals should prepare for the possibility of atypical timing again in 2023.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.39884","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,26]],"date-time":"2023-10-26T15:32:28Z","timestamp":1698334348000},"page":"e2339884","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Admissions for Bronchiolitis at Children\u2019s Hospitals Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic"],"prefix":"10.1001","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Kailey A.","family":"Remien","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Education, Akron Children\u2019s Hospital, Akron, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justin Z.","family":"Amarin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher M.","family":"Horvat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine, UPMC Children\u2019s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryan A.","family":"Nofziger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Akron Children\u2019s Hospital, Akron, Ohio"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher K.","family":"Page-Goertz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Akron Children\u2019s Hospital, Akron, Ohio"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James B.","family":"Besunder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Akron Children\u2019s Hospital, Akron, Ohio"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brittany K.","family":"Potts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio"},{"name":"Division of Hospital Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Akron Children\u2019s Hospital, Akron, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael L.","family":"Forbes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Akron Children\u2019s Hospital, Akron, Ohio"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio"},{"name":"Rebecca D. 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