{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T20:01:57Z","timestamp":1785182517302,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"American Medical Association (AMA)","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAMA Netw Open"],"abstract":"Importance<\/jats:title>There is limited evidence of the association of conditional cash transfers, an important strategy to reduce poverty, with prevention of adverse birth-related outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Objective<\/jats:title>To investigate the association between receiving benefits from the Bolsa Fam\u00edlia<\/jats:italic> Program (BFP) and birth weight indicators.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Design, Setting, and Participants<\/jats:title>This cohort study used a linked data resource, the Centro de Integracao de Dados e Conhecimentos Para Saude (CIDACS) birth cohort. All live-born singleton infants born to mothers registered in the cohort between January 2012 and December 2015 were included. Each analysis was conducted for the overall population and separately by level of education, self-reported maternal race, and number of prenatal appointments. Data were analyzed from January 3 to April 24, 2023.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Exposure<\/jats:title>Live births of mothers who had received BFP until delivery (for a minimum of 9 months) were classified as exposed and compared with live births from mothers who did not receive the benefit prior to delivery.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Main Outcomes and Measures<\/jats:title>Low birth weight (LBW), birth weight in grams, and small for gestational age (SGA) were evaluated. Analytical methods used included propensity score estimation, kernel matching, and weighted logistic and linear regressions. Race categories included Parda, which translates from Portuguese as \u201cbrown\u201d and is used to denote individuals whose racial background is predominantly Black and those with multiracial or multiethnic ancestry, including European, African, and Indigenous origins.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>A total of 4\u202f277\u202f523 live births (2\u202f085\u202f737 females [48.8%]; 15\u202f207 among Asian [0.4%], 334\u202f225 among Black [7.8%], 29\u202f115 among Indigenous [0.7%], 2\u202f588\u202f363 among Parda [60.5%], and 1\u202f310\u202f613 among White [30.6%] mothers) were assessed. BFP was associated with an increase of 17.76 g (95% CI, 16.52-19.01 g) in birth weight. Beneficiaries had an 11% lower chance of LBW (odds ratio [OR], 0.89; 95% CI, 0.88-0.90). BFP was associated with a greater decrease in odds of LBW among subgroups of mothers who attended fewer than 7 appointments (OR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.84-0.87), were Indigenous (OR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.61-0.88), and had 3 or less years of education (OR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.72-0.81). There was no association between BFP and SGA, except among less educated mothers, who had a reduced risk of SGA (OR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.79-0.88).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusions and Relevance<\/jats:title>This study found that BFP was associated with increased birth weight and reduced odds of LBW, with a greater decrease in odds of LBW among higher-risk groups. These findings suggest the importance of maintaining financial support for mothers at increased risk of birth weight\u2013related outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.44691","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,28]],"date-time":"2023-11-28T16:03:14Z","timestamp":1701187394000},"page":"e2344691","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Participation in Conditional Cash Transfer Program During Pregnancy and Birth Weight\u2013Related Outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1001","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Ila R.","family":"Falc\u00e3o","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Data and Knowledge Integration for Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Salvador, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rita de C\u00e1ssia","family":"Ribeiro-Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Data and Knowledge Integration for Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Salvador, 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