{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T19:25:37Z","timestamp":1793042737290,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"American Medical Association (AMA)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAMA Netw Open"],"abstract":"\n Importance<\/jats:title>\n Although digital cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (dCBT-I) has been studied in many randomized clinical trials and is recommended as a first-line treatment option, few studies have systematically examined its effectiveness, engagement, durability, and adaptability in clinical settings.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n To evaluate the clinical effectiveness, engagement, durability, and adaptability of dCBT-I.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Design, Setting, and Participants<\/jats:title>\n This retrospective cohort study was conducted using longitudinal data collected via a mobile app named Good Sleep 365 between November 14, 2018, and February 28, 2022. Three therapeutic modes (ie, dCBT-I, medication, and their combination) were compared at month 1, month 3, and month 6 (primary). Inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) using propensity scores was applied to enable homogeneous comparisons between the 3 groups.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Exposures<\/jats:title>\n Treatment with dCBT-I, medication therapy, or combination therapy according to prescriptions.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Main Outcomes and Measures<\/jats:title>\n \n The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) score and its essential subitems were used as the primary outcomes. Effectiveness on comorbid somnolence, anxiety, depression, and somatic symptoms were used as secondary outcomes. Cohen\n d<\/jats:italic>\n effect size,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n value, and standardized mean difference (SMD) were used to measure differences in treatment outcomes. Changes in outcomes and response rates (\u22653 points change in PSQI score) were also reported.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n A total of 4052 patients (mean [SD] age, 44.29 [12.01] years; 3028 [74.7%] female participants) were selected for dCBT-I (n\u2009=\u2009418), medication (n\u2009=\u2009862), and their combination (n\u2009=\u20092772). Compared with the change in PSQI score at 6 months for participants receiving medication alone (from a mean [SD] of 12.85 [3.49] to 8.92 [4.03]), both dCBT-I (from a mean [SD] of 13.51 [3.03] to 7.15 [3.25]; Cohen\n d<\/jats:italic>\n , \u22120.50; 95% CI, \u22120.62 to \u22120.38;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.001; SMD\u2009=\u20090.484) and combination therapy (from a mean [SD] of 12.92 [3.49] to 6.98 [3.43]; Cohen\n d<\/jats:italic>\n , 0.50; 95% CI, 0.42 to 0.58;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.001; SMD\u2009=\u20090.518) were associated with significant reductions; dCBT-I had a comparable effect as combination therapy (Cohen\n d<\/jats:italic>\n , 0.05; 95% CI, \u22120.05 to 0.15;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009.66; SMD\u2009=\u20090.05), but showed unstable durability. Outcomes of dCBT-I improved steadily and rapidly during the first 3 months, and then fluctuated. The response rates with dCBT-I and combination therapy were higher than with medication. Changes in secondary outcomes indicated statistically significant benefits from dCBT-I and combination therapy. The results of subgroup analysis were consistent with the main findings, demonstrating the superiority of dCBT-I vs medication therapy in various subpopulations.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions and Relevance<\/jats:title>\n In this study, clinical evidence suggested that combination therapy was optimal, and dCBT-I was more effective than medication therapy, with long-term benefits for insomnia. Future studies are needed to analyze its clinical effectiveness and reliability in distinct subpopulations.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.7597","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,11]],"date-time":"2023-04-11T11:02:21Z","timestamp":1681210941000},"page":"e237597","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Comparative Effectiveness of Digital Cognitive Behavioral Therapy vs Medication Therapy Among Patients With Insomnia"],"prefix":"10.1001","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Menglin","family":"Lu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaoyun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alibaba Damo Academy, Hangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junhang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hangzhou Seventh People\u2019s Hospital, Hangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Songfang","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alibaba Damo Academy, Hangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fei","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alibaba Damo Academy, Hangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tingna","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hangzhou slan-health Co, Ltd, Hangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fei","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongjing","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"},{"name":"Hangzhou Seventh People\u2019s Hospital, Hangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhengxing","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3-B","key":"zoi230249r1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1590\/S0004-282X2002000500003","article-title":"Insomnia and hypnotic use in Campo Grande general population, Brazil.","volume":"60","author":"Souza","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arq Neuropsiquiatr"},{"issue":"2","key":"zoi230249r2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2013.10.009","article-title":"A 10-year trend of insomnia prevalence in the adult Norwegian population.","volume":"15","author":"Pallesen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"zoi230249r3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2018.01.003","article-title":"A decade\u2019s difference: 10-year change in insomnia symptom prevalence in Canada depends on sociodemographics and health status.","volume":"4","author":"Garland","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sleep Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"zoi230249r4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.7326\/M15-2175","article-title":"Management of chronic insomnia disorder in adults: a clinical practice guideline from the American College of Physicians.","volume":"165","author":"Qaseem","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"zoi230249r5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsab242","article-title":"Sleepless in COVID-19: racial disparities during the pandemic as a consequence of structural inequity.","volume":"45","author":"Cheng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"zoi230249r6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.113076","article-title":"Insomnia during the COVID-19 pandemic in a Greek population.","volume":"289","author":"Voitsidis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"zoi230249r7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.113128","article-title":"Insomnia during COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown: prevalence, severity, and associated risk factors in French population.","volume":"290","author":"Kokou-Kpolou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"zoi230249r8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2020.06.005","article-title":"The acute effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on insomnia and psychological symptoms.","volume":"77","author":"Morin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"zoi230249r9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-020-00959-7","article-title":"The treatment of sleep dysfunction in neurodegenerative disorders.","volume":"18","author":"Voysey","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"issue":"5","key":"zoi230249r10","first-page":"S7","article-title":"Insomnia: definition, prevalence, etiology, and consequences.","volume":"3","author":"Roth","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"zoi230249r11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.18782","article-title":"Incidence, persistence, and remission rates of insomnia over 5 years.","volume":"3","author":"Morin","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"zoi230249r12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"i2123","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.i2123","article-title":"Advances in the management of chronic insomnia.","volume":"354","author":"Kay-Stacey","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"3","key":"zoi230249r13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20162","article-title":"The efficacy of CBT for severe mental illness and the challenge of dissemination in routine care.","volume":"13","author":"van der Gaag","year":"2014","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"zoi230249r15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.8986","article-title":"Behavioral and psychological treatments for chronic insomnia disorder in adults: an American Academy of Sleep Medicine clinical practice guideline.","volume":"17","author":"Edinger","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med"},{"key":"zoi230249r16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2015.10.004","article-title":"Efficacy of internet-delivered cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia\u2013a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.","volume":"30","author":"Zachariae","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"issue":"5","key":"zoi230249r17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2021.11.005","article-title":"Efficacy of email-delivered versus face-to-face group cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia in youths: a randomized controlled trial.","volume":"70","author":"Chan","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Adolesc Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"zoi230249r18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-050661","article-title":"Digital cognitive-behavioural therapy for insomnia compared with digital patient education about insomnia in individuals referred to secondary mental health services in Norway: protocol for a multicentre randomised controlled trial.","volume":"11","author":"Kallestad","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"8","key":"zoi230249r19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e397","DOI":"10.1016\/S2589-7500(20)30135-7","article-title":"Effects of digital cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia on insomnia severity: a large-scale randomised controlled trial.","volume":"2","author":"Vedaa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Digit Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"zoi230249r20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.7326\/M14-2841","article-title":"Cognitive behavioral therapy for chronic insomnia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"163","author":"Trauer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"zoi230249r21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"o1268","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.o1268","article-title":"Insomnia: NICE recommends digital app as treatment option.","volume":"377","author":"Wise","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"12","key":"zoi230249r22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsab185","article-title":"Mode of delivery of cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia: a randomized controlled non-inferiority trial of digital and face-to-face therapy.","volume":"44","author":"Kallestad","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"zoi230249r23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2020.08.020","article-title":"Efficacy of digital cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.","volume":"75","author":"Soh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"zoi230249r24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1080\/15402002.2020.1799792","article-title":"The effect of reducing insomnia severity on work- and activity-related impairment.","volume":"19","author":"Kj\u00f8rstad","year":"2021","journal-title":"Behav Sleep Med"},{"key":"zoi230249r25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2296-13-40","article-title":"Comparative effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia: a systematic review.","volume":"13","author":"Mitchell","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Fam Pract"},{"issue":"24","key":"zoi230249r26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2851","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.295.24.2851","article-title":"Cognitive behavioral therapy vs zopiclone for treatment of chronic primary insomnia in older adults: a randomized controlled trial.","volume":"295","author":"Sivertsen","year":"2006","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"6","key":"zoi230249r27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsx075","article-title":"Internet and in-person cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia in military personnel: a randomized clinical trial.","volume":"40","author":"Taylor","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"3","key":"zoi230249r28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsx002","article-title":"Long-term maintenance of therapeutic gains associated with cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia delivered alone or combined with zolpidem.","volume":"40","author":"Beaulieu-Bonneau","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"zoi230249r29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1007\/s41105-019-00218-z","article-title":"Treatment effect of cognitive-behavior therapy for insomnia combined with usual medication.","volume":"17","author":"Jan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sleep Biol Rhythms"},{"issue":"19","key":"zoi230249r30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2005","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2009.682","article-title":"Cognitive behavioral therapy, singly and combined with medication, for persistent insomnia: a randomized controlled trial.","volume":"301","author":"Morin","year":"2009","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"1","key":"zoi230249r31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.23736\/S2784-8477.20.01868-4","article-title":"Randomized controlled trials versus real-life studies: bridging the gap.","volume":"60","author":"Riccardo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Minerva Respir Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"zoi230249r32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1007\/s10880-011-9250-7","article-title":"Treating primary insomnia: clinical effectiveness and predictors of outcomes on sleep, daytime function and health-related quality of life.","volume":"18","author":"Van Houdenhove","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Psychol Med Settings"},{"issue":"11","key":"zoi230249r33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1398","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/29.11.1398","article-title":"Psychological and behavioral treatment of insomnia: update of the recent evidence (1998-2004).","volume":"29","author":"Morin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"zoi230249r34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2022.104084","article-title":"Real-world evidence from users of a behavioral digital therapeutic for chronic insomnia.","volume":"153","author":"Ritterband","year":"2022","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"issue":"23","key":"zoi230249r35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2293","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsb1609216","article-title":"Real-world evidence\u2014what is it and what can it tell us?","volume":"375","author":"Sherman","year":"2016","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"zoi230249r36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2021.103922","article-title":"Does adjunctive digital CBT for insomnia improve clinical outcomes in an improving access to psychological therapies service?","volume":"144","author":"Stott","year":"2021","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"issue":"7","key":"zoi230249r37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.2217\/cer-2021-0004","article-title":"Protocol for Digital Real-world Evidence trial for Adults with insomnia treated via Mobile (DREAM): an open-label trial of a prescription digital therapeutic for treating patients with chronic insomnia.","volume":"10","author":"Thorndike","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Comp Eff Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"zoi230249r38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.7205\/MILMED-D-13-00455","article-title":"Feasibility and preliminary real-world promise of a manualized group-based cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia protocol for veterans.","volume":"179","author":"Koffel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mil Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"zoi230249r39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1080\/15402002.2017.1318753","article-title":"Effectiveness of group cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) in a primary care setting.","volume":"17","author":"Davidson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Behav Sleep Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"zoi230249r40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-022-04231-4","article-title":"Clinical feasibility of cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia in a real-world mixed sample at a specialized psychiatric outpatient clinic.","volume":"22","author":"Cassel","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"zoi230249r41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.2147\/NSS","article-title":"Impact of phenotypic heterogeneity of insomnia on the patients\u2019 response to cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia: current perspectives.","volume":"11","author":"Galbiati","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Sci Sleep"},{"issue":"3","key":"zoi230249r43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000004627","article-title":"Confounding in observational research.","volume":"130","author":"Schober","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"zoi230249r44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2019.00973","article-title":"Propensity score methods in health technology assessment: principles, extended applications, and recent advances.","volume":"10","author":"Ali","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"issue":"3","key":"zoi230249r45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1080\/00273171.2011.568786","article-title":"An introduction to propensity score methods for reducing the effects of confounding in observational studies.","volume":"46","author":"Austin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Multivariate Behav Res"},{"key":"zoi230249r46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2840-9-38","article-title":"Effect of candesartan monotherapy on lipid metabolism in patients with hypertension: a retrospective longitudinal survey using data from electronic medical records.","volume":"9","author":"Nishida","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"issue":"4","key":"zoi230249r47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2019.07.032","article-title":"Effectiveness of first-line immune checkpoint blockade versus carboplatin-based chemotherapy for metastatic urothelial cancer.","volume":"76","author":"Feld","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"issue":"7","key":"zoi230249r48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2019.37.7_suppl.555","article-title":"Axitinib versus sunitinib as first-line therapies for metastatic renal cell carcinoma: a multicenter retrospective analysis.","volume":"37","author":"Hatakeyama","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"12","key":"zoi230249r49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.3928\/0098-9134-19991201-10","article-title":"The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI).","volume":"25","author":"Smyth","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Gerontol Nurs"},{"issue":"2","key":"zoi230249r50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cix783","article-title":"Colistin versus ceftazidime-avibactam in the treatment of infections due to carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae.","volume":"66","author":"van Duin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"zoi230249r51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1080\/17453674.2019.1709711","article-title":"Reduced survival of total knee arthroplasty after previous unicompartmental knee arthroplasty compared with previous high tibial osteotomy: a propensity-score weighted mid-term cohort study based on 2,133 observations from the Danish Knee Arthroplasty Registry.","volume":"91","author":"El-Galaly","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Orthop"},{"issue":"1","key":"zoi230249r52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.21037\/atm","article-title":"Balance diagnostics after propensity score matching.","volume":"7","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Transl Med"},{"issue":"9821","key":"zoi230249r53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60750-2","article-title":"Chronic insomnia.","volume":"379","author":"Morin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"zoi230249r54","first-page":"19","article-title":"Combining pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic therapies for insomnia.","volume":"68","author":"Mendelson","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"zoi230249r55","first-page":"33","article-title":"Cognitive-behavioral approaches to the treatment of insomnia.","volume":"65","author":"Morin","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"zoi230249r56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.6524","article-title":"Mobile phone-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia: a randomized waitlist controlled trial.","volume":"19","author":"Horsch","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Med internet Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"zoi230249r57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2016.3249","article-title":"Effect of a web-based cognitive behavior therapy for insomnia intervention with 1-year follow-up: a randomized clinical trial.","volume":"74","author":"Ritterband","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"zoi230249r58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2015.05.002","article-title":"Internet-vs. group-delivered cognitive behavior therapy for insomnia: a randomized controlled non-inferiority trial.","volume":"70","author":"Blom","year":"2015","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"zoi230249r59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/5630130","article-title":"Effects of electroacupuncture therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy in chronic insomnia: a randomized controlled study.","volume":"2020","author":"Xing","year":"2020","journal-title":"Evid Based Complement Alternat Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"zoi230249r60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.3386","article-title":"Sleep restriction therapy for insomnia is associated with reduced objective total sleep time, increased daytime somnolence, and objectively impaired vigilance: implications for the clinical management of insomnia disorder.","volume":"37","author":"Kyle","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"8","key":"zoi230249r61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2011.03.016","article-title":"No pain, no gain: an exploratory within-subjects mixed-methods evaluation of the patient experience of sleep restriction therapy (SRT) for insomnia.","volume":"12","author":"Kyle","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"zoi230249r62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(15)00536-2","article-title":"Effectiveness of an online insomnia program (SHUTi) for prevention of depressive episodes (the GoodNight Study): a randomised controlled trial.","volume":"3","author":"Christensen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"zoi230249r63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2018.2745","article-title":"Effect of digital cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia on health, psychological well-being, and sleep-related quality of life: a randomized clinical trial.","volume":"76","author":"Espie","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"zoi230249r64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291718001149","article-title":"Does online insomnia treatment reduce depressive symptoms? a randomized controlled trial in individuals with both insomnia and depressive symptoms.","volume":"49","author":"van der Zweerde","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"zoi230249r65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1159\/000505600","article-title":"Nurse-guided internet-delivered cognitive behavior therapy for insomnia in general practice: results from a pragmatic randomized clinical trial.","volume":"89","author":"Van der Zweerde","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychother Psychosom"},{"issue":"8","key":"zoi230249r66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e381","DOI":"10.1016\/S2589-7500(20)30167-9","article-title":"Digital cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia: the answer to a major public health issue?","volume":"2","author":"van Straten","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Digit Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"zoi230249r67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2020.2496","article-title":"Efficacy of yoga vs cognitive behavioral therapy vs stress education for the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized clinical trial.","volume":"78","author":"Simon","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"zoi230249r68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.37199","article-title":"Effects of tai chi or exercise on sleep in older adults with insomnia: a randomized clinical trial.","volume":"4","author":"Siu","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"4","key":"zoi230249r69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.2775","article-title":"Effects of a tailored brief behavioral therapy application on insomnia severity and social disabilities among workers with insomnia in Japan: a randomized clinical trial.","volume":"3","author":"Okajima","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"3","key":"zoi230249r70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/22498","article-title":"Gender differences in adolescent sleep disturbance and treatment response to smartphone app\u2013delivered cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia: exploratory study.","volume":"5","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"JMIR Form Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"zoi230249r71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2011.06.012","article-title":"Gender and age differences in emotion regulation strategies and their relationship to depressive symptoms.","volume":"51","author":"Nolen-Hoeksema","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pers Individ Dif"},{"issue":"4","key":"zoi230249r72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsac024","article-title":"Future directions to address sleep health disparity among Asian American immigrants.","volume":"45","author":"Song","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"zoi230249r73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2021.04.024","article-title":"Overview of sleep management during COVID-19.","volume":"91","author":"Becker","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"zoi230249r74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsaa258","article-title":"Digital cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia promotes later health resilience during the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic.","volume":"44","author":"Cheng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"zoi230249r14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-60327-042-7_22","volume-title":"Clinical Handbook of Insomnia","author":"Perlis","year":"2010"},{"key":"zoi230249r42","unstructured":"Good Sleep 365. Accessed March 6, 2023. https:\/\/www.haoshuimian365.com\/"}],"container-title":["JAMA Network Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jamanetworkopen\/articlepdf\/2803668\/lu_2023_oi_230249_1680623462.75439.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,11]],"date-time":"2023-04-11T11:02:29Z","timestamp":1681210949000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jamanetworkopen\/fullarticle\/2803668"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,11]]},"references-count":74,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,3]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.7597","relation":{},"ISSN":["2574-3805"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2574-3805","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,11]]}}}