{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T17:15:08Z","timestamp":1792084508936,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"American Medical Association (AMA)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAMA Netw Open"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"ab-zoi240057-4\">\n                    <jats:title>Importance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients with kidney failure have an increased risk of diabetes-related foot complications. The benefit of regular foot and ankle care in this at-risk population is unknown.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"ab-zoi240057-5\">\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate foot and ankle care by podiatrists and the outcomes of diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) in patients with kidney failure.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"ab-zoi240057-6\">\n                    <jats:title>Design, Setting, and Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This retrospective cohort study included Medicare beneficiaries with type 2 diabetes receiving dialysis who had a new DFU diagnosis. The analysis of the calendar year 2016 to 2019 data from the United States Renal Data System was performed on June 15, 2023, with subsequent updates on December 11, 2023.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"ab-zoi240057-7\">\n                    <jats:title>Exposures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Foot and ankle care by podiatrists during 3 months prior to DFU diagnosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"ab-zoi240057-8\">\n                    <jats:title>Main Outcomes and Measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The outcomes were a composite of death and\/or major amputation, as well as major amputation alone. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to estimate 2 to 3 years of amputation-free survival. Foot and ankle care by podiatrists and the composite outcome was examined using inverse probability-weighted Cox regression, while competing risk regression models were used for the analysis of amputation alone.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"ab-zoi240057-9\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among the 14\u202f935 adult patients with kidney failure and a new DFU (mean [SD] age, 59.3 [12.7] years; 35.4% aged \u226565 years; 8284 men [55.4%]; Asian, 2.7%; Black\/African American, 35.0%; Hispanic, 17.7%; White, 58.5%), 18.4% (n\u2009=\u20092736) received care by podiatrists in the 3 months before index DFU diagnosis. These patients were older, more likely to be male, and have more comorbidities than those without prior podiatrist visits. Over a mean (SD) 13.5 (12.0)-month follow-up, 70% of those with podiatric care experienced death and\/or major amputation, compared with 74% in the nonpodiatric group. Survival probabilities at 36 months were 26.3% vs 22.8% (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&amp;amp;lt;\u2009.001, unadjusted Kaplan-Meier survival analysis). In multivariate regression analysis, foot and ankle care was associated with an 11% lower likelihood of death and\/or amputation (hazard ratio [HR], 0.89 95% CI, 0.84-0.93) and a 9% lower likelihood of major amputation (above or below knee) (HR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.84-0.99) than those who did not.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"ab-zoi240057-10\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and Relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The findings of this study suggest that patients with kidney failure at risk for DFUs who receive foot and ankle care from podiatrists may be associated with a reduced likelihood of diabetes-related amputations.<\/jats:p>\n                  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