{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T19:52:59Z","timestamp":1793303579967,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"American Medical Association (AMA)","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAMA Netw Open"],"abstract":"Importance<\/jats:title>Child physical and emotional abuse and neglect may affect epigenetic signatures of accelerated aging several years after the exposure.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Objective<\/jats:title>To examine the longitudinal outcomes of early-childhood and midchildhood exposures to maltreatment on later childhood and adolescent profiles of epigenetic accelerated aging.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Design, Setting, and Participants<\/jats:title>This cohort study used data from the Future of Families and Child Wellbeing Study (enrolled 1998-2000), a US birth cohort study with available DNA methylation (DNAm) data at ages 9 and 15 years (assayed between 2017 and 2020) and phenotypic data at birth (wave 1), and ages 3 (wave 3), 5 (wave 4), 9 (wave 5), and 15 (wave 6) years. Data were analyzed between June 18 and December 10, 2023.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Exposures<\/jats:title>Emotional aggression, physical assault, emotional neglect, and physical neglect via the Parent-Child Conflict Tactics Scale at ages 3 and 5 years.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Main Outcomes and Measures<\/jats:title>Epigenetic accelerated aging (DNAmAA) was measured using 3 machine learning\u2013derived surrogates of aging (GrimAge, PhenoAge, and DunedinPACE) and 2 machine learning\u2013derived surrogates of age (Horvath and PedBE), residualized for age in months.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>A total of 1971 children (992 [50.3%] male) representative of births in large US cities between 1998 and 2000 were included. Physical assault at age 3 years was positively associated with DNAmAA for PhenoAge (\u03b2\u2009=\u20090.073; 95% CI, 0.019-0.127), and emotional aggression at age 3 years was negatively associated with PhenoAge DNAmAA (\u03b2\u2009=\u2009\u22120.107; 95% CI, \u22120.162 to \u22120.052). Emotional neglect at age 5 years was positively associated with PhenoAge DNAmAA (\u03b2\u2009=\u20090.051; 95% CI, 0.006-0.097). Cumulative exposure to physical assault between ages 3 and 5 years was positively associated with PhenoAge DNAmAA (\u03b2\u2009=\u20090.063; 95% CI, 0.003-0.123); emotional aggression was negatively associated with PhenoAge DNAmAA (\u03b2\u2009=\u2009\u22120.104; 95% CI, \u22120.165 to \u22120.043). The association of these measures with age 15 years PhenoAge DNAmAA was almost fully mediated by age 9 years PhenoAge DNAm age acceleration. Similar patterns were found for GrimAge, DunedinPACE, and PhenoAge, but only those for PhenoAge remained after adjustments for multiple comparisons.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusions and Relevance<\/jats:title>In this cohort study, altered patterns of DNAmAA were sensitive to the type and timing of child maltreatment exposure and appeared to be associated with more proximate biological embedding of stress.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.21877","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,29]],"date-time":"2024-07-29T15:49:10Z","timestamp":1722268150000},"page":"e2421877","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Childhood Maltreatment and Longitudinal Epigenetic Aging"],"prefix":"10.1001","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Olivia D.","family":"Chang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Social Work, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor"},{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helen C. 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