{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T10:21:47Z","timestamp":1789035707824,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"American Medical Association (AMA)","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAMA Netw Open"],"abstract":"Importance<\/jats:title>Maternal tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccination protects newborns against severe pertussis. Data on transplacental antibody transfer on Tdap vaccination before 24 weeks\u2019 gestation remain scarce and are particularly relevant for preterm infants to increase the time interval for maternal antibody transfer.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Objective<\/jats:title>To assess noninferiority of anti\u2013pertussis toxin (anti-PT) immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody levels at age 2 months in early- to late-term infants following Tdap vaccination between 20 0\/7 and 24 0\/7 weeks\u2019 gestation compared with 30 0\/7 and 33 0\/7 weeks\u2019 gestation and compared with preterm infants.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Design, Setting, and Participants<\/jats:title>This prospective, multicenter cohort study included pregnant women aged 18 years or older in birthing centers and hospitals in the Netherlands between August 2019 and November 2021 who received Tdap vaccination between 20 0\/7 and 24 0\/7 weeks\u2019 gestation. Women with imminent premature birth were recruited if they had received maternal Tdap vaccination between 20 and 24 weeks\u2019 gestation. Blood samples were collected from mothers at delivery, from the umbilical cord, and from infants at age 2 months. Data from infants\u2019 blood samples at age 2 months were compared with a reference cohort (recruited between January 2014 and February 2016) of early- to late-term infants of the same age whose mothers had received Tdap vaccination between 30 0\/7 and 33 0\/7 weeks\u2019 gestation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Exposure<\/jats:title>Maternal Tdap vaccination between 20 0\/7 and 24 0\/7 weeks\u2019 gestation or 30 0\/7 and 33 0\/7 weeks\u2019 gestation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Main Outcomes and Measures<\/jats:title>The primary outcome was the geometric mean concentration (GMC) of anti-PT IgG antibodies in early- to late-term infants (\u226537 0\/7 weeks\u2019 gestation) at age 2 months, comparing maternal Tdap vaccination between 20 0\/7 and 24 0\/7 weeks\u2019 vs 30 0\/7 and 33 0\/7 weeks\u2019 gestation (reference cohort). Anti-PT GMC in 2-month-old infants born preterm (&amp;lt;35 0\/7 weeks\u2019 gestation) compared with early- to late-term infants after maternal Tdap vaccination between 20 and 24 weeks\u2019 gestation was a secondary outcome.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>In total, 221 women who delivered 239 offspring were enrolled in the study; 66 early- to late-term infants (median gestational age [GA], 40.6 weeks [IQR, 39.8-41.0 weeks]; 38 [57.6%] male) and 73 preterm infants (median GA, 32.1 weeks [IQR, 29.5-33.0 weeks]; 42 [54.5%] female) had blood samples collected at 2 months of age. Anti-PT GMC was 14.7 IU\/mL (95% CI, 10.6-20.4 IU\/mL) in early- to late-term infants following maternal Tdap vaccination between 20 0\/7 and 24 0\/7 weeks\u2019 gestation compared with 27.3 IU\/mL (95% CI, 20.1-37.1 IU\/mL) in 55 infants in the reference group (median GA, 40.3 [IQR, 39.1-41.0]; 33 [60.0%] female). The mean anti-PT GMC in preterm infants in the study group was 11.2 IU\/mL (95% CI, 8.1-15.3 IU\/mL) (P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.23 compared with early- to late-term infants).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusions and Relevance<\/jats:title>In this cohort study, 2-month-old preterm and early- to late-term infants showed significantly lower anti-PT antibody levels following maternal Tdap vaccination between 20 0\/7 and 24 0\/7 weeks\u2019 gestation compared with 30 0\/7 and 33 0\/7 weeks\u2019 gestation; preterm and early- to late-term infants had similar anti-PT antibody levels, but both groups showed significantly lower antibody levels compared with the reference group. Epidemiological research should investigate whether maternal Tdap vaccination before 24 weeks\u2019 gestation provides sufficient protection against clinical pertussis, particularly in preterm infants, as long as no correlate of protection is available.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.24608","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,30]],"date-time":"2024-07-30T15:34:32Z","timestamp":1722353672000},"page":"e2424608","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Maternal Pertussis Immunization and Immunoglobulin G Levels in Early- to Late-Term and Preterm Infants"],"prefix":"10.1001","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Maarten M.","family":"Immink","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Wilhelmina Children\u2019s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mireille N.","family":"Bekker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Wilhelmina Children\u2019s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hester E.","family":"de Melker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerco","family":"den Hartog","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Wilhelmina Children\u2019s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands"},{"name":"Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nynke Y.","family":"Rots","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pieter G. 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