{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T13:18:23Z","timestamp":1793107103193,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"American Medical Association (AMA)","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAMA Netw Open"],"abstract":"Importance<\/jats:title>The digital phenomenon termed technoference<\/jats:italic> refers to interruptions in routine social interactions due to technology use. Technoference may negatively affect parents\u2019 attention to cues necessary for supporting children\u2019s mental health.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Objective<\/jats:title>To explore whether there are directional prospective associations between perceived parental technoference and emerging adolescents\u2019 mental health symptoms (anxiety, depression, inattention, and hyperactivity).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Design, Setting, and Participants<\/jats:title>This cohort study assessed a general population of mothers and emerging adolescents in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Women were recruited during pregnancy between May 3, 2008, and December 13, 2010, with convenience sampling and repeated follow-up; eligible women were 18 years or older, spoke English, had a gestational age of at least 24 weeks, and received local prenatal care. Data collection for the present study took place when emerging adolescents were aged 9 (May 20 to July 15, 2020), 10 (March 4 to April 30, 2021), and 11 (November 22, 2021, to January 17, 2022) years. Mothers provided consent for their child to participate, and emerging adolescents provided assent. Data were analyzed from December 1 to 31, 2023, using random-intercept cross-lagged panel models.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Exposure<\/jats:title>Perceived parental technoference.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Main Outcomes and Measures<\/jats:title>Emerging adolescents completed questionnaires about their perception of parental technoference and their mental health symptoms (depression, anxiety, hyperactivity, and inattention) at the 3 study times. This study did not rely on statistical significance, but instead on the magnitude of effect sizes to determine meaningful effects.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>Participants included 1303 emerging adolescents (mean [SD] age,\u20099.7 [0.8] years at time 1; of the 1028 reporting information, 529 [51.5%] were girls). Cross-sectional associations indicated correlations between perceptions of parental technoference and emerging adolescents\u2019 mental health (r<\/jats:italic> range, 0.17-0.19). Higher levels of anxiety at 9 and 10 years of age were prospectively associated with higher parental technoference scores at 10 (\u03b2\u2009=\u20090.11 [95% CI, \u22120.05 to 0.26]) and 11 (\u03b2\u2009=\u20090.12 [95% CI, 0.001-0.24]) years of age, with small magnitudes of effect size. Higher parental technoference scores at 9 and 10 years of age were prospectively associated with higher hyperactivity at 10 (\u03b2\u2009=\u20090.07 [95% CI, \u22120.07 to 0.22]) and 11 (\u03b2\u2009=\u20090.11 [95% CI, \u22120.02 to 0.24]) years of age and inattention at 11 years of age (\u03b2\u2009=\u20090.12 [95% CI, 0.001-0.24]), with small magnitudes of effect size. No gender differences were identified.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusions and Relevance<\/jats:title>In this 3-wave longitudinal birth cohort study, perceived parental technoference was associated with emerging adolescents\u2019 mental health. The findings speak to the need to discuss digital technology use and mental health with parents and emerging adolescents as a part of routine care.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.28261","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,16]],"date-time":"2024-08-16T15:31:23Z","timestamp":1723822283000},"page":"e2428261","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Perceived Parental Distraction by Technology and Mental Health Among Emerging Adolescents"],"prefix":"10.1001","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Audrey-Ann","family":"Deneault","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement de Psychologie, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Montr\u00e9al, Quebec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9","family":"Plamondon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facult\u00e9 des Sciences de L\u2019\u00c9ducation, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Quebec City, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ross D.","family":"Neville","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Eirich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada"},{"name":"Alberta Children\u2019s Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brae Anne","family":"McArthur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada"},{"name":"Alberta Children\u2019s Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suzanne","family":"Tough","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alberta Children\u2019s Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Community Health Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheri","family":"Madigan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada"},{"name":"Alberta Children\u2019s Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"zoi240868r2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1111\/cdev.2018.89.issue-1","article-title":"Technoference: parent distraction with technology and associations with child behavior problems.","volume":"89","author":"McDaniel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Child Dev"},{"key":"zoi240868r3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2023.107907","article-title":"Parents\u2019 desire to change phone use: associations with objective smartphone use and feelings about problematic use and distraction.","volume":"148","author":"McDaniel","year":"2023","journal-title":"Comput Human Behav"},{"issue":"2","key":"zoi240868r5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1177\/2050157919846916","article-title":"\u201cLook at me!\u201d parental use of mobile phones at the playground.","volume":"8","author":"Lemish","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mob Media Commun"},{"issue":"4","key":"zoi240868r6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e843","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2013-3703","article-title":"Patterns of mobile device use by caregivers and children during meals in fast food restaurants.","volume":"133","author":"Radesky","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"2","key":"zoi240868r7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1002\/imhj.v42.2","article-title":"Smartphones in the nursery: parental smartphone use and parental sensitivity and responsiveness within parent-child interaction in early childhood (0-5 years): a scoping review.","volume":"42","author":"Braune-Krickau","year":"2021","journal-title":"Infant Ment Health J"},{"issue":"4","key":"zoi240868r11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acap.2020.07.012","article-title":"The observed quality of caregiver-child interactions with and without a mobile screen device.","volume":"21","author":"Ochoa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acad Pediatr"},{"issue":"3","key":"zoi240868r12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1080\/17482798.2020.1815228","article-title":"\u201cWhere are you?\u201d an observational exploration of parental technoference in public places in the US and Israel.","volume":"15","author":"Elias","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Child Media"},{"issue":"3","key":"zoi240868r14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1177\/2050157921991602","article-title":"Family technoference: exploring parent mobile device distraction from children\u2019s perspectives.","volume":"9","author":"Meeus","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mob Media Commun"},{"issue":"4","key":"zoi240868r15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2018-3556","article-title":"Parenting behavior and child language: a meta-analysis.","volume":"144","author":"Madigan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"5","key":"zoi240868r16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1111\/cdev.v93.5","article-title":"Parental sensitivity and child behavioral problems: a meta-analytic review.","volume":"93","author":"Cooke","year":"2022","journal-title":"Child Dev"},{"issue":"2","key":"zoi240868r17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1111\/cdev.v92.2","article-title":"Paternal sensitivity and children\u2019s cognitive and socioemotional outcomes: a meta-analytic review.","volume":"92","author":"Rodrigues","year":"2021","journal-title":"Child Dev"},{"issue":"8","key":"zoi240868r18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1089\/cyber.2022.0278","article-title":"Impacts of parental technoference on parent\u2013child relationships and child health and developmental outcomes: a scoping review.","volume":"26","author":"Komanchuk","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw"},{"issue":"1","key":"zoi240868r19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2053","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-023-16850-x","article-title":"Parental technoference and adolescents\u2019 mental health and violent behaviour: a scoping review.","volume":"23","author":"Dixon","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"zoi240868r20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2019.04.027","article-title":"Daily technology interruptions and emotional and relational well-being.","volume":"99","author":"McDaniel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Comput Human Behav"},{"issue":"2","key":"zoi240868r21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-018-0052-6","article-title":"Technoference: longitudinal associations between parent technology use, parenting stress, and child behavior problems.","volume":"84","author":"McDaniel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"zoi240868r22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1412","DOI":"10.1162\/0898929042304796","article-title":"Sensitive periods in the development of the brain and behavior.","volume":"16","author":"Knudsen","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Cogn Neurosci"},{"issue":"9904","key":"zoi240868r23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1575","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)61611-6","article-title":"Global burden of disease attributable to mental and substance use disorders: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010.","volume":"382","author":"Whiteford","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"3","key":"zoi240868r24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2022.5540","article-title":"Call for papers on adolescent mental health.","volume":"177","author":"Moreno","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"issue":"7","key":"zoi240868r25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1551","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291714002888","article-title":"A heavy burden on young minds: the global burden of mental and substance use disorders in children and youth.","volume":"45","author":"Erskine","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"zoi240868r26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.2007.48.issue-7","article-title":"Developmental trajectories of depressive symptoms from early childhood to late adolescence: gender differences and adult outcome.","volume":"48","author":"Dekker","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"8","key":"zoi240868r27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2018.6364","article-title":"Risk factors associated with boys\u2019 and girls\u2019 developmental trajectories of physical aggression from early childhood through early adolescence.","volume":"1","author":"Teymoori","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"zoi240868r28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S2","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2393-13-S1-S2","article-title":"The All Our Babies pregnancy cohort: design, methods, and participant characteristics.","volume":"13","author":"McDonald","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"issue":"5","key":"zoi240868r29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1389","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyw363","article-title":"Cohort profile: the All Our Babies pregnancy cohort (AOB).","volume":"46","author":"Tough","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"zoi240868r30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2020.105340","article-title":"The effect of technoference in parent-child relationships on adolescent smartphone addiction: the role of cognitive factors.","volume":"118","author":"Qiao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Child Youth Serv Rev"},{"key":"zoi240868r31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2020.105434","article-title":"Parental technoference and smartphone addiction in Chinese adolescents: the mediating role of social sensitivity and loneliness.","volume":"118","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Child Youth Serv Rev"},{"key":"zoi240868r32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.073","article-title":"Gender differences in the relationships between parental phubbing and adolescents\u2019 depressive symptoms: the mediating role of parent-adolescent communication.","volume":"302","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"zoi240868r34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1037\/a0038889","article-title":"A critique of the cross-lagged panel model.","volume":"20","author":"Hamaker","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychol Methods"},{"issue":"4","key":"zoi240868r35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1186","DOI":"10.1111\/cdev.2017.88.issue-4","article-title":"On the practical interpretability of cross-lagged panel models: rethinking a developmental workhorse.","volume":"88","author":"Berry","year":"2017","journal-title":"Child Dev"},{"issue":"2","key":"zoi240868r38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v048.i02","article-title":"lavaan: An R package for structural equation modeling.","volume":"48","author":"Rosseel","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Stat Softw"},{"issue":"1","key":"zoi240868r39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/10705519909540118","volume":"6","author":"Hu","journal-title":"Struct Equation Modeling"},{"key":"zoi240868r40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1080\/10705511.2020.1784738","volume":"28","author":"Mulder","journal-title":"Struct Equation Modeling"},{"issue":"2","key":"zoi240868r41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1177\/2515245919847202","article-title":"Evaluating effect size in psychological research: sense and nonsense.","volume":"2","author":"Funder","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv Methods Pract Psychol Sci"},{"issue":"7","key":"zoi240868r43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1509","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-011-0918-2","article-title":"New mothers and media use: associations between blogging, social networking, and maternal well-being.","volume":"16","author":"McDaniel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Matern Child Health J"},{"issue":"3","key":"zoi240868r44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579400003102","volume":"12","author":"Zahn-Waxler","journal-title":"Dev Psychopathol"},{"issue":"3","key":"zoi240868r45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1375\/bech.20.3.160.24836","article-title":"Specificity of dysfunctional thinking in children with symptoms of social anxiety, separation anxiety and generalised anxiety.","volume":"20","author":"B\u00f6gels","year":"2003","journal-title":"Behav Change"},{"issue":"11","key":"zoi240868r46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2023.3670","article-title":"Consideration of developmental stage and the debate on the effects of screens use\u2014not all things are created equal.","volume":"177","author":"Madigan","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"key":"zoi240868r47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2020.106498","volume":"113","author":"Zurcher","journal-title":"Comput Hum Behav"},{"issue":"6","key":"zoi240868r48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1089\/cyber.2019.0477","article-title":"Prenatal predictors of media use during infancy.","volume":"23","author":"Coyne","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw"},{"issue":"2","key":"zoi240868r49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1037\/ppm0000444","article-title":"The associations between parents\u2019 technoference, their problematic use of digital technology, and the psychological state of their children.","volume":"13","author":"Dolev-Cohen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Psychol Pop Media"},{"issue":"9","key":"zoi240868r50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1097\/DBP.0000000000000357","article-title":"Parent perspectives on their mobile technology use: the excitement and exhaustion of parenting while connected.","volume":"37","author":"Radesky","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Dev Behav Pediatr"},{"issue":"4","key":"zoi240868r51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.1037\/a0038498","article-title":"The validity of the multi-informant approach to assessing child and adolescent mental health.","volume":"141","author":"De Los Reyes","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"issue":"2","key":"zoi240868r52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-021-01849-9","article-title":"Child and family factors associated with child mental health and well-being during COVID-19.","volume":"32","author":"McArthur","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"zoi240868r53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1037\/amp0000660","article-title":"Risk and resilience in family well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic.","volume":"75","author":"Prime","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am Psychol"},{"issue":"11","key":"zoi240868r54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1089\/cyber.2020.0284","article-title":"How parents and their children used social media and technology at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic and associations with anxiety.","volume":"23","author":"Drouin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw"},{"key":"zoi240868r55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.980253","article-title":"The prevalence of sensory changes in post-COVID syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"9","author":"Trott","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"key":"zoi240868r33","volume-title":"Behavior Assessment System for Children","author":"Reynolds","year":"2015","edition":"3rd ed"},{"key":"zoi240868r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barr? R. Parenting in the digital age. In: Bronstein? MH, ed. Handbook of Parenting: The Practice of Parenting. 3rd ed. Routledge\/Taylor & Francis Group; 2019:380-409.","DOI":"10.4324\/9780429401695-13"},{"key":"zoi240868r4","unstructured":"Turner? B, Anderson? M, Perrin? A, Turner? E. Parenting children in the age of screens. Pew Research Center. July 28, 2020. Accessed December 15, 2023. https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/internet\/2020\/07\/28\/parenting-children-in-the-age-of-screens\/"},{"key":"zoi240868r8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wolfers? LN, Kitzmann? S, Sauer? S, Sommer? N. Phone use while parenting: an observational study to assess the association of maternal sensitivity and smartphone use in a playground setting.? Comput Hum Behav. 2020;102:31-38. doi:10.1016\/j.chb.2019.08.013","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2019.08.013"},{"key":"zoi240868r9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Linder? L, McDaniel? BT, Jaffe? H. Moment-to-moment observation of parental media use and parent-child interaction: quality and media multitasking.? Hum Behav Emerg Tech. 2022;2022(2):1-9. doi:10.1155\/2022\/4896637","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/4896637"},{"key":"zoi240868r10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ewin? CA, Reupert? A, McLean? LA, Ewin? CJ. Mobile devices compared to non-digital toy play: the impact of activity type on the quality and quantity of parent language.? Comput Hum Behav. 2021;118:106669. doi:10.1016\/j.chb.2020.106669","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2020.106669"},{"key":"zoi240868r13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stockdale? LA, Coyne? SM, Padilla-Walker? LM. Parent and child technoference and socioemotional behavioral outcomes: a nationally representative study of 10- to 20-year-old adolescents.? Comput Hum Behav. 2018;88:219-226. doi:10.1016\/j.chb.2018.06.034","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2018.06.034"},{"key":"zoi240868r36","unstructured":"R Core Team. R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. R Project for Statistical Computing; 2020. Accessed December 1, 2023. https:\/\/www.R-project.org\/"},{"key":"zoi240868r37","unstructured":"Revelle? W. Psych: Procedures for Psychological, Psychometric, and Personality Research. Version 2.4.6.26. June 27, 2024. Accessed December 15, 2023. https:\/\/cran.r-project.org\/web\/packages\/psych\/index.html"},{"key":"zoi240868r42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Oduor? E, Neustaedter? C, Odom? W, . The frustrations and benefits of mobile device usage in the home when co-present with family members. In: Proceedings of the 2016 ACM Conference on Designing Interactive Systems. SIGCHI. 2016:1315-1327. doi:10.1145\/2901790.2901809","DOI":"10.1145\/2901790.2901809"}],"container-title":["JAMA Network Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jamanetworkopen\/articlepdf\/2822421\/deneault_2024_oi_240868_1723143821.50425.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,16]],"date-time":"2024-08-16T15:31:27Z","timestamp":1723822287000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jamanetworkopen\/fullarticle\/2822421"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,16]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.28261","relation":{},"ISSN":["2574-3805"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2574-3805","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,16]]}}}