{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T20:38:04Z","timestamp":1792010284903,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"American Medical Association (AMA)","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAMA Netw Open"],"abstract":"Importance<\/jats:title>Treating low back pain (LBP) often involves a combination of pharmacologic, nonpharmacologic, and interventional treatments; one approach is acupuncture therapy, which is safe, effective, and cost-effective. How acupuncture is used within pain care regimens for LBP has not been widely studied.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Objective<\/jats:title>To document trends in reimbursed acupuncture between 2010 and 2019 among a large sample of patients with LBP, focusing on demographic, socioeconomic, and clinical characteristics associated with acupuncture use and the nonpharmacologic, pharmacologic, and interventional treatments used by patients who utilize acupuncture.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Design, Setting, and Participants<\/jats:title>This cross-sectional study included insurance claims of US adults in a deidentified database. The study sample included patients diagnosed with LBP between 2010 and 2019. Data were analyzed between September 2023 and June 2024.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Main Outcomes and Measures<\/jats:title>Changes in rates of reimbursed acupuncture utilization between 2010 and 2019, including electroacupuncture use, which involves the electrical stimulation of acupuncture needles. Covariates included age, sex, race and ethnicity, income, educational attainment, region, and a chronic LBP indicator. Secondary analyses tracked other nonpharmacologic treatments (eg, physical therapy, chiropractic care), pharmacologic treatments (eg, opioids, gabapentinoids), and interventional treatments (eg, epidural steroid injections).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>The total sample included 6\u202f840\u202f497 adults with LBP (mean [SD] age, 54.6 [17.8] years; 3\u202f916\u202f766 female [57.3%]; 802\u202f579 Hispanic [11.7%], 258\u202f087 non-Hispanic Asian [3.8%], 804\u202f975 non-Hispanic Black [11.8%], 4\u202f974\u202f856 non-Hispanic White [72.7%]). Overall, 106\u202f485 (1.6%) had 1 or more acupuncture claim, while 61\u202f503 (0.9%) had 1 or more electroacupuncture claim. The rate of acupuncture utilization increased consistently, from 0.9% in 2010 to 1.6% in 2019; electroacupuncture rates were relatively stable. Patients who were female (male: odds ratio [OR], 0.68; 99% CI, 0.67-0.70), Asian (OR, 3.26; 99% CI, 3.18-3.35), residing in the Pacific region (New England: OR, 0.26; 99% CI, 0.25-0.28), earning incomes of over $100\u202f000 (incomes less than $40\u202f000: OR, 0.59; 99% CI, 0.57-0.61), college educated (high school or less: OR, 0.32; 99% CI, 0.27-0.35), and with chronic LBP (OR, 2.39; 99% CI, 2.35-2.43) were more likely to utilize acupuncture. Acupuncture users were more likely to engage in other nonpharmacologic pain care like physical therapy (39.2%; 99% CI, 38.9%-39.5% vs 29.3%; 99% CI, 29.3%-29.3%) and less likely to utilize prescription drugs, including opioids (41.4%; 99% CI, 41.1%-41.8% vs 52.5%; 99% CI, 52.4%-52.5%), compared with nonusers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusions and Relevance<\/jats:title>In this cross-sectional study, we found that acupuncture utilization among patients with LBP was rare but increased over time. Demographic, socioeconomic, and clinical characteristics were associated with acupuncture utilization, and acupuncture users were more likely to utilize other nonpharmacologic treatments and less likely to utilize pharmacologic treatments.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.30906","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,29]],"date-time":"2024-08-29T15:43:28Z","timestamp":1724946208000},"page":"e2430906","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Utilization of Reimbursed Acupuncture Therapy for Low Back Pain"],"prefix":"10.1001","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Molly","family":"Candon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia"},{"name":"Department of Health Care Management, Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia"},{"name":"Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, 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