{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T20:16:32Z","timestamp":1791576992832,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"American Medical Association (AMA)","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAMA Netw Open"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"ab-zoi240975-4\"><jats:title>Importance<\/jats:title><jats:p>Metabolic dysfunction\u2013associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) has become the most common chronic liver disease worldwide and is increasingly being diagnosed at younger ages, affecting more than one-third of young people with obesity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"ab-zoi240975-5\"><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate associations between perinatal conditions and risk of MASLD and associated progressive liver disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"ab-zoi240975-6\"><jats:title>Design, Setting, and Participants<\/jats:title><jats:p>This nationwide, population-based case-control study included all biopsy-confirmed cases of MASLD in Sweden. Individuals aged 25 years or younger (hereafter, young individuals) with biopsy-proven MASLD between January 1, 1992, and December 31, 2016, were matched to up to 5 general population control individuals. Granular data on maternal and perinatal characteristics were retrieved from the Swedish Medical Birth Register. Data were analyzed from June 2023 to June 2024.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"ab-zoi240975-7\"><jats:title>Exposures<\/jats:title><jats:p>Birth weight (low [&amp;amp;lt;2500 g], reference [2500 to &amp;amp;lt;4000 g], or high [\u22654000 g]), gestational age (GA), and birth weight for GA (small for GA [SGA; &amp;amp;lt;10th percentile], appropriate for GA [10th-90th percentile], or large for GA [LGA; &amp;amp;gt;90th percentile]), compared between patients and matched controls.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"ab-zoi240975-8\"><jats:title>Main Outcomes and Measures<\/jats:title><jats:p>The main outcome was odds of biopsy-proven MASLD and MASLD-associated progressive liver disease (ie, liver fibrosis or cirrhosis) according to birth weight, GA, and birth weight for GA, adjusted for matching factors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"ab-zoi240975-9\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In total, 165 young individuals with biopsy-proven MASLD (median age at diagnosis: 12.0 years [IQR, 4.4-16.9 years]; 100 [60.6%] male) were matched with 717 controls. There was an association between low birth weight and future development of MASLD (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 4.05; 95% CI, 1.85-8.88) but no association between high birth weight and odds of MASLD (AOR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.38-1.08) compared with the reference birth weight. An association was seen for SGA (AOR, 3.36; 95% CI, 2.00-5.64) compared with appropriate size for GA (reference category) but not for LGA (AOR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.27-1.20). Progressive liver disease was more common in individuals born with low birth weight (AOR, 6.03; 95% CI, 1.66-21.87) or SGA (AOR, 4.90; 95% CI, 2.15-11.14).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"ab-zoi240975-10\"><jats:title>Conclusions and Relevance<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this nationwide study of young individuals with biopsy-proven MASLD, low birth weight and SGA were associated with development of MASLD and progressive liver disease, suggesting a need for structured screening measures to diagnose these conditions early in high-risk individuals.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.32420","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,10]],"date-time":"2024-09-10T15:01:23Z","timestamp":1725980483000},"page":"e2432420","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Birth Weight, Gestational Age, and Risk of Pediatric-Onset 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