{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T07:51:24Z","timestamp":1793001084550,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"American Medical Association (AMA)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAMA Netw Open"],"abstract":"\n Importance<\/jats:title>\n Sarcopenia and obesity are 2 global concerns associated with adverse health outcomes in older people. Evidence on the population-based prevalence of the combination of sarcopenia with obesity (sarcopenic obesity [SO]) and its association with mortality are still limited.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n To investigate the prevalence of sarcopenia and SO and their association with all-cause mortality.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Design, Setting, and Participants<\/jats:title>\n This large-scale, population-based cohort study assessed participants from the Rotterdam Study from March 1, 2009, to June 1, 2014. Associations of sarcopenia and SO with all-cause mortality were studied using Kaplan-Meier curves, Cox proportional hazards regression, and accelerated failure time models fitted for sex, age, and body mass index (BMI). Data analysis was performed from January 1 to April 1, 2023.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Exposures<\/jats:title>\n The prevalence of sarcopenia and SO, measured based on handgrip strength and body composition (BC) (dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry) as recommended by current consensus criteria, with probable sarcopenia defined as having low handgrip strength and confirmed sarcopenia and SO defined as altered BC (high fat percentage and\/or low appendicular skeletal muscle index) in addition to low handgrip strength.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Main Outcome and Measure<\/jats:title>\n The primary outcome was all-cause mortality, collected using linked mortality data from general practitioners and the central municipal records, until October 2022.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n In the total population of 5888 participants (mean [SD] age, 69.5 [9.1] years; mean [SD] BMI, 27.5 [4.3]; 3343 [56.8%] female), 653 (11.1%; 95% CI, 10.3%-11.9%) had probable sarcopenia and 127 (2.2%; 95% CI, 1.8%-2.6%) had confirmed sarcopenia. Sarcopenic obesity with 1 altered component of BC was present in 295 participants (5.0%; 95% CI, 4.4%-5.6%) and with 2 altered components in 44 participants (0.8%; 95% CI, 0.6%-1.0%). An increased risk of all-cause mortality was observed in participants with probable sarcopenia (hazard ratio [HR], 1.29; 95% CI, 1.14-1.47) and confirmed sarcopenia (HR, 1.93; 95% CI, 1.53-2.43). Participants with SO plus 1 altered component of BC (HR, 1.94; 95% CI, 1.60-2.33]) or 2 altered components of BC (HR, 2.84; 95% CI, 1.97-4.11) had a higher risk of mortality than those without SO. Similar results for SO were obtained for participants with a BMI of 27 or greater.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions and Relevance<\/jats:title>\n In this study, sarcopenia and SO were found to be prevalent phenotypes in older people and were associated with all-cause mortality. Additional alterations of BC amplified this risk independently of age, sex, and BMI. The use of low muscle strength as a first step of both diagnoses may allow for early identification of individuals at risk for premature mortality.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.3604","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,25]],"date-time":"2024-03-25T11:01:55Z","timestamp":1711364515000},"page":"e243604","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":263,"title":["Sarcopenia and Sarcopenic Obesity and Mortality Among Older People"],"prefix":"10.1001","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Benz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Nutrition Unit, Clermont Auvergne University, Institut National de Recherche pour l\u2019Agriculture, l\u2019Alimentation et l\u2019Environnement, Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine, Clermont-Ferrand, France"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandre","family":"Pinel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Nutrition Unit, Clermont Auvergne University, Institut National de Recherche pour l\u2019Agriculture, l\u2019Alimentation et l\u2019Environnement, Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine, Clermont-Ferrand, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christelle","family":"Guillet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Nutrition Unit, Clermont Auvergne University, Institut National de Recherche pour l\u2019Agriculture, l\u2019Alimentation et l\u2019Environnement, Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine, Clermont-Ferrand, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frederic","family":"Capel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Nutrition Unit, Clermont Auvergne University, Institut National de Recherche pour l\u2019Agriculture, l\u2019Alimentation et l\u2019Environnement, Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine, Clermont-Ferrand, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruno","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Biostatistics, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie","family":"De Antonio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Biostatistics, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melanie","family":"Pouget","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Nutrition, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alfonso J.","family":"Cruz-Jentoft","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio de Geriatria, Hospital Universitario Ramon y Cajal (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Doris","family":"Eglseer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Nursing Science, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Topinkova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geriatrics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rocco","family":"Barazzoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical, Technological and Translational Sciences, University of Trieste, Ospedale di Cattinara, Trieste, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernando","family":"Rivadeneira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. 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