{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T00:00:01Z","timestamp":1792800001053,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"American Medical Association (AMA)","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAMA Netw Open"],"abstract":"\n Importance<\/jats:title>\n The prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) varies across the globe. Indian studies on PCOS are limited by poor design, small sizes, regional representations, and varying methods.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objectives<\/jats:title>\n To estimate the nationwide prevalence of PCOS in India, examine the phenotypic spectrum, and assess the magnitude of comorbidities associated with PCOS.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Design, Setting, and Participants<\/jats:title>\n This cross-sectional study recruited 9824 women aged 18 to 40 years from November 1, 2018, to July 31, 2022, across 5 zones of the country. A prevalidated questionnaire dichotomized women into screen-positive and screen-negative groups. Relevant clinical, hormonal, and sonographic assessments categorized women as either women with criteria-based PCOS (ie, National Institutes of Health [NIH] 1990 criteria, Rotterdam 2003 criteria, or Androgen Excess and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Society [AE-PCOS] criteria), women with partial phenotypes (hyperandrogenism, oligomenorrhea, or polycystic morphology labeled as pre-PCOS), or healthy women, in addition to quantitating various comorbidities.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Main Outcomes and Measures<\/jats:title>\n The prevalence and phenotypes of PCOS among women of reproductive age and the burden of comorbidities associated with PCOS.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n A total of 8993 women (mean [SD] age, 29.5 [6.2] years) were enrolled in this study; 196 women were already diagnosed with PCOS, 2251 were categorized as screen positive, and 6546 were categorized as screen negative. The mean (SD) age of screen-positive women (28.1 [6.4] years) was lower than that of screen-negative women (29.7 [6.1] years) (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.001), and the mean (SD) age at menarche was higher in the former group (13.2 [1.3] vs 13.1 [1.2] years;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.001). The national prevalence of PCOS was 7.2% (95% CI, 4.8%-10.8%) by NIH 1990 criteria, 19.6% (95% CI, 12.7%-29.2%) by Rotterdam 2003 criteria, and 13.6% (95% CI, 8.4%-21.6%) by AE-PCOS criteria. Overall, PCOS phenotypes C (501 [40.8%]) and D (301 [24.6%]) were the most common, and 492 women (pre-PCOS subgroup) had oligomenorrhea (n\u2009=\u200975), hyperandrogenism (n\u2009=\u2009257), or polycystic ovarian morphology (n\u2009=\u2009160) only. Among women with PCOS (n\u2009=\u20091224), obesity was present in 529 (43.2%), dyslipidemia in 1126 (91.9%), nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in 403 (32.9%), metabolic syndrome in 305 (24.9%), impaired glucose tolerance in 111 (9.1%), diabetes in 41 (3.3%), and hypertension in 101 (8.3%). The pre-PCOS subgroup (n\u2009=\u2009492) displayed similar metabolic aberrations (dyslipidemia: 390 [79.3%]; metabolic syndrome: 78 [15.9%]; nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: 163 [33.1%]; impaired glucose tolerance: 62 [12.6%]; diabetes: 7 [1.4%]; and hypertension: 26 [5.3%]).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions and Relevance<\/jats:title>\n In this cross-sectional study of reproductive-age women recruited across India, the prevalence of PCOS was high, with phenotype C being predominant. Most of these women had metabolic abnormalities. These findings are crucial for developing preventive and therapeutic strategies, potentially integrating PCOS management into national health programs.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.40583","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,23]],"date-time":"2024-10-23T11:32:00Z","timestamp":1729683120000},"page":"e2440583","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":62,"title":["Prevalence, Phenotypes, and Comorbidities of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Among Indian Women"],"prefix":"10.1001","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Mohd Ashraf","family":"Ganie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, India"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Research, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Subhankar","family":"Chowdhury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology Metabolism, Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education Research, Kolkata, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neena","family":"Malhotra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rakesh","family":"Sahay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Osmania Medical College, Hyderabad, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prasanta Kumar","family":"Bhattacharya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Medicine, North-Eastern Indira Gandhi Regional Institute of Health and Medical Sciences, Shillong, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarita","family":"Agrawal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P. K.","family":"Jabbar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanita","family":"Suri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roya","family":"Rozati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Maternal Health, Research Trust, Hyderabad, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vishnubhatla","family":"Sreenivas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad 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