{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T07:02:24Z","timestamp":1793257344706,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"American Medical Association (AMA)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAMA Netw Open"],"abstract":"Importance<\/jats:title>Adolescent suicide in the US is a major public health problem, yet temporal trends in suicide methods by demographics are understudied.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Objective<\/jats:title>To examine national trends in suicide mortality by method (firearm, poisoning, hanging and asphyxiation, and all other means) from 1999 to 2020 by demographic characteristics.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Design, Setting, and Participants<\/jats:title>This serial cross-sectional study used national death certificate data of adolescent (aged 10-19 years) suicide decedents compiled by the National Center for Health Statistics from January 1, 1999, to December 31, 2020. Data analysis was performed from April 1, 2023, to July 9, 2023.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Exposures<\/jats:title>Age, sex, and race and ethnicity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Main Outcomes and Measures<\/jats:title>Trends in age-standardized mortality rates and average annual percent change (AAPC) in rates were estimated by age, sex, and race and ethnicity for each suicide method.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>This study assessed data from 47\u202f217 adolescent suicide decedents. From 1999 to 2020, suicide by firearm (AAPC, 1.0; 95% CI, 0.1-1.9), poisoning (AAPC, 2.7; 95% CI, 1.0-4.4), hanging and asphyxiation (AAPC, 2.4; 95% CI, 0.2-4.6), and other means (AAPC, 2.9; 95% CI, 1.2-4.6) increased. Rapidly increasing rates were observed among female adolescents for poisoning (AAPC, 4.5; 95% CI, 2.3-6.7) and hanging and asphyxiation (AAPC, 5.9; 95% CI, 5.0-6.8) suicides. From 2007 to 2020, firearm suicides sharply increased among female (annual percent change [APC], 7.8; 95% CI, 6.0-9.5) and male (APC, 5.3; 95% CI, 4.3-6.3) adolescents. Firearm suicide rates increased among Black adolescents from 2012 to 2020 (APC, 14.5; 95% CI, 9.7-19.5), Asian and Pacific Islander adolescents from 2008 to 2020 (APC, 12.0; 95% CI, 9.7-14.5), American Indian and Alaska Native adolescents from 2014 to 2020 (APC, 10.6; 95% CI, 2.6-19.3), and Hispanic or Latino adolescents from 2011 to 2020 (APC, 10.2; 95% CI, 6.3-13.8). During the study period, Black adolescents had the highest average increase in hanging and asphyxiation suicides (AAPC, 4.2; 95% CI, 3.2-5.2). From 2011 to 2020, poisoning suicide deaths increased (APC, 12.6; 95% CI, 8.5-16.7) among female adolescents.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusions and Relevance<\/jats:title>Suicide rates increased across all methods from 1999 to 2020. Differences were noted by sex, age, and race and ethnicity. Increasing suicide rates among racial and ethnic minoritized youth are especially concerning, and effective prevention strategies are urgently needed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.4427","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,29]],"date-time":"2024-03-29T15:31:32Z","timestamp":1711726292000},"page":"e244427","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":64,"title":["Trends in Adolescent Suicide by Method in the US, 1999-2020"],"prefix":"10.1001","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Cameron K.","family":"Ormiston","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Intramural Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland"},{"name":"Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wayne R.","family":"Lawrence","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Intramural Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland"},{"name":"Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saanie","family":"Sulley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Healthy Start Association, Washington, DC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meredith S.","family":"Shiels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily A.","family":"Haozous","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, Albuquerque, New Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine M.","family":"Pichardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erica S.","family":"Stephens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aleah L.","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Adzrago","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Intramural Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David R.","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T. 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